한국   대만   중국   일본 
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??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ( ?? ?? ?? ) ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ITV plc ? ???? ???? 13 ?? 15 ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ITV ? ??????? Sky .

??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? Reach plc (Trinity Mirror ??????) ???? 240 ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????. [1]

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?? ??? 2009? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? 3.75 ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? 2.81 ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? 28.4? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? 29.5? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? 42.1? ????????. [2] ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? 2009 ???? 42? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? [3] ??? ??? 2010? ??? 82.5? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????. [4]

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???? ??????? ?????????? (?? ?? ??) ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? . ??? ????? ??????? ?? Broadcasting House ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? 22000 ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? 19000 ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. [5] [6] [7] ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? (BBC) ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. [8] ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ? iPlayer ?????? ??????. [9] ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ? [10] ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 1 ????? 2014? ???? ????? ?????? ???? BBC World Service (???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? 1932 ???? BBC Empire Service) ????? ??? ?? 28 ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? .

???? ???? ??????? ?????????? (BBC) ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? BBC Four ? ?????? ??????? BBC News ?BBC World News ? ??????? ?????????? BBC Parliament ? ??????? ???????? CBBC ? CBeebies ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? BBC Three ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ≪??????? ???????≫ ( ???? ? ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ) ? 39 ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????. ??? ?? BBC Radio 1 ? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?? 2 ? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?? 3 ? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? 4 ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ? BBC Radio 5 Live ? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????.

???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? BBC ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? DAB ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 2002. ????? ?? ?? ?? 1Xtra sisters Radio 1? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????. ????? ?? ?? ?? 5 ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? 5 ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? 6 ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? 4 ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???????.

???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? BBC ????? 40 ???? ?????? ????? ?? BBC ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? (??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???????)? ?????? ?? ????? (??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???????)? ?? ????? ??????? (??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????). ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ≪??????? ???????≫: ???? ????????? ???????? ????????. ??? ?? BBC Radio Wales (?????? ??????????) ? BBC Radio Cymru (?????? ???????? ) ? BBC Radio Scotland (?????? ??????????) ? BBC Radio nan Gaidheal (?????? ??????????? ??????? ) ? BBC Radio Ulster ? BBC Radio Foyle ? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? - ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????.

??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? BBC World Service ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? 33 ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? 150 ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? 192 ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? 38 ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???????. [11] ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? BBC Online ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ????? BBC Food ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? BBC ?????? BBC History ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? BBC Natural ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??40 ??? [12] ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? Your Paintings ???? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????. [13] ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? BBC Music ?BBC Film ?BBC Earth ? BBC Weather ? BBC Learning ? BBC Schools ? BBC Research ? BBC Archives ? BBC Sounds ?BBC Culture .

Sky ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ?? Sky Q ???????? ???????? ?? Sky Showcase ? Sky Arts ? Sky Atlantic ????? UKTV ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? BBC Studios ?? ??????? ?? 1 ?????? 1992 ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? BBC ? Thames Television ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????. ?????? ????? UKTV ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ITV plc ? ???? ???? 11 ?? 15 ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ITV. [14]

News UK ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? The Times ? The Sunday Times . [15] ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????. [16] ???? ????? 2500 ???? ? 600 ???? ???? ?? ????? 200 ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????.

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????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????. ???? ??????? ??????? Fleet Street ? BBC Broadcasting House . ???????? ?? ????? ??????? City AM ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????. ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? City ? Canary Wharf ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????.

??? Mediacity ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????.

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  ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? MediaCityUK ??? ??? 200 ???? (80ha) ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????.

????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? 1821 ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? 1959 ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????. ???????? ???? ?????????? Granada ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? Coronation Street ? Up Series ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? 5 ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ITV ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ITV Studios ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?ITV Granada ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????. [17]

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????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? 1695 [19] ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1785 ? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? Times Roman ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? 1931 [20] ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ≪????? ??????? ???????≫ - ??? ???????? ?? ????? ≪????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????≫ - ???? ????? ???? ≪???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????.≫ [21]

??? ???? ?????? The Economist ??? 1843? ?????? ????? Financial Times ??????? ??? 1888 ???? ?????? ??? ? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? 1731 ?????? ≪ ???? ≫ ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? [22] ??? ?????? ??? ? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. [23]

??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? [24] ???? ????? ???? Little Goody Two-Shoes ?????? ?????? (Newbery) ?? ??? 1765. [24] ????? Penguin Books ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? 1935 ???? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? [25] ????? Puffin Books ?? ??? 1940 ??? ???? ??????? ?? Penguin Books ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ? Worzel Gummidge ? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? Puffin ?? ??? 1941. [26]

???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? [27] ?????? EL James ?????????? ???????: Fifty Shades of Grey ? Fifty Shades Darker ? Fifty Shades Freed ??? ???? ???? ?? 125 ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? [28] ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? (??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? 1709)? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? [29] ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????. [30]

???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? 20 ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? 167000 ???. [31] ???? ????? ??????? ??????? The Times ? Financial Times ?The Guardian ?The Daily Telegraph ????? ?????? ??? 2021 ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? 90? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? Reach plc (?????? Trinity Mirror) ? News UK ? DMG Media ?????? ??? ????? ?? 83? ?? ??? 2019 [32] ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? 83? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? - Newsquest ? Reach ? JPI Media - ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? 50 ?????? ?????? ???????. [32]

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?? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ≪????? ??????≫ ??? ????? ???? (???? ????? ????? ???? ≪????? ??????? ≫ ????? ?????? ??????) ????? ?? ??? ≪ ????????? ≫. ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????.

????????? ?? ????? ???????? ≪????? ??????≫ ?????? " ?????????? ?????" ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? [33] ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? (???? ????? ????? ?? ????????) ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? The Scottish Sun ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? Sunday Mail ? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ≪????? ??????≫ ??????? ?? ???????? ?? The Herald ? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? [34] ?? ?????? 2014 ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? The National . [35]

????? Reach plc 240 ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? Daily Mirror ? Sunday Mirror ? The People ????? ????? Northern & Shell ?? ??? 2018 ???????? ????? Daily Express ? Daily Star ??? ??????? [36] [37] ?? ??? 2018? ????? TheGuardian.com ? News UK ( The Times ? The Sunday Times ? The Sun ) ? The Daily Telegraph ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? [38] ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? Reach plc ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? [39] ???????? ?? ??? 2020 ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? 1426535 ?????? [40] ????? ????? ≪??≫ ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????. [40]

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????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? The Economist ? <i id="mwAxI">Prospect</i> ? Nature ? New Scientist ? New Statesman ? Private Eye ? The Spectator ? Radio Times ? NME .

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?? ??? 1477 ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? The Dictes ?? Sayengis of the Philosophres ????? ?????? ≪??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????≫ [41] ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??? 1892 ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? 2020 ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????????: ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? RELX . [42]

????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1602. ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? 197 ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? [43] ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????: ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? [44] ???? ??????? ??????? ????? 14 ????? ????? [45] ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? 2000 ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? 9.6 ??????? (6 ???) ?? ????? ???? ???????. [46]

??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? 2003 ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????: ????? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ???? ? ?????? ???? ??????? . ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 2009. [47] ??? ??? 2013? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? 231000 ?????. [48] ?? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??? Penguin Books ?Pearson ? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??????.

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????? ???? ??????? ?????????? (BBC) ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? BBC World Service ?? 33 ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? BBC ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? 40 ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? BBC Radio Cymru ? Gaelic ??? ????? BBC Radio nan Gaidheal ?? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????? [49] ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? . [50] ??? ????? ????? BBC World Service Radio ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? 2014 ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? [51] ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?? BBC Radio 2 ? ????? BBC Radio 4 ?BBC Radio 1 ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. [52]

????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? Global Radio ? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? Heart ? Smooth ?Capital. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? Wireless Group ? Bauer Radio ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? [53] ???? ??? ??????? ??????.

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??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ? ???? BBC ??????? 4 ??????? ??????????? ???????? (ITV ? Channel 5) ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? Freeview ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? CBS ? UKTV ?Sky ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????: BBC One ?BBC Two ?ITV ?Channel 4 ? Channel 5 - ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? Virgin Media ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? Freesat ?? Sky ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? Freeview . ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? (?? ????? ??????? ??????) ?? ??? 2012. [54]

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???? ???? ??????? ?????????? BBC ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? [55] ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? BBC One ?BBC Two ? ?? ???? ????? ??? BBC Four ? BBC News ? BBC Parliament ?????? ??????? ??????????? CBBC ? CBeebies ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? BBC Studios ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? UKTV ?????. [2]

?????? 4 ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? (BBC)? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? 4 ? ???????? ??? More4 ? Film4 .

????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ITV 3 ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ITV ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ? STV ?? ??? ????? ???????? ? UTV ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ITV ????? ?????? ITV2 ? ITV3 ? ITV4 ? CITV - ???? ?????? ???? ??????? - ??? ????? ITV ???????. ????? ?????? Sky ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? Sky Arts ? Sky Showcase ? Sky Nature ? Sky Cinema ? Sky Atlantic. [56]

??????? ???????????? ??????? (RTS) ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? [57] ???????? ????? ????? ≪??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????≫ [58] ?? ??????? ??? 1983 ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? [59] ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????. [60]

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??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? 9 ??????? ?? ??? 1998 ??? 93 ??????? ?? ??? 2019 , ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 16 ? 44 ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? (99?) ?? ??? 2019? ?????? ?? 47? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 75 ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2016? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2017 ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 2020. ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? google.com ? youtube.co.uk ? facebook.com ? bbc.co.uk ? google.co.uk ? ebay.co.uk. [61]

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? Leveson ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? (PRP) ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? Leveson ???????? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ??? 2016? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? (IPSO)? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ? IMPRESS ? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????. PRP (??? ?????? 2016). [62]

??? ????? ????? ???? (????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ) ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? Ofcom . [63] ????? Ofcom ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????. [64] [65] ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? Ofcom ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? 2002 ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? 2003 ????? Ofcom ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? (?? ?? 3 ??? 15 ?????) ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???. [66]

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