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??? ????? ( ??????????? : Hugh Cairns )? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ? ??? ?? 26 ????? 1896 ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ? ????? ?? 18 ????? 1952 ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? . ^[1]^[2]^[3]

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^ 2 July 2015, Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online , Royal College of Surgeons of England .Retrieved 6 July 2018. ???? ?????? 2018-07-07 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Maartens? N. F.? Wills? A. D.? Adams? C. B. (2002). "Lawrence of Arabia, Sir Hugh Cairns, and the origin of motorcycle helmets". Neurosurgery . ?. 50 ?. 1: 176?9, discussion 179?80. DOI : 10.1097/00006123-200201000-00026 . PMID : 11844248 .
^ The Rhodes Scholarship, South Australia . Adelaide.edu.au (15 May 2014). Retrieved on 3 June 2014. ???? ?????? 2012-02-13 ?? Wayback Machine

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