???? ???????

???? ???????
( ?????????? : Hugo Grotius )?
??????? ?????
??? ???????	( ?????????? : Hugo Grocio, Hugo Grotius eller Hugo de Groot )?
???????	10 ????? 1583 ; ????
??????	28 ????? 1645 (62 ???) ; ??????
???? ????????	???? ????????
??????	??????? ??????
??????	????? ??? ?????????? (1608?)
???????	???? ?? ????
????	??? ?? ???? ‏
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??????	???? ? ????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ‏? ?????? ? ????????? ? ????? ? ??????? ? ????? ????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?????
??????	????????? ? ??????????
???? ?????	????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???????
???????
	????? ????? - ?????

???? ??????? (10 ????? 1583 ? 28 ????? 1645) ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? . ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? . ^[2] ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????-???????????.

????? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? 11 ????? ???. ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ^[3]

??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????: ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????. ^[4]

?? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? 1599 ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? 1601. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? 1604 ????? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????.

?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ??? 1605 ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? (?? ????? ???? ??????) ??? 1613. ??? 1608 ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? (????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????) ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????. ^[5]

??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? (????? ????? ????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????) ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????????????????. ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? -??? ?????- ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????????. ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??? 1609 ???? ?????? ???? ????? 12 ?????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????. ^[6]

?????? ???? ????????????? ????????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? (???? ????????????) ?????? ??? ???????????? -???? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????- ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????. ^[7]

?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? -???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????- ?????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????????????? ??? ?????. ^[8]

???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? (???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????) ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ??? ??? ????? ≪???????? ?????≫ ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????.

??? ????? ???? ????? ??? 27 ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? (???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????). ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? 1618 ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ??????? ???? ≪?????≫ ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????????. ^[9]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
???? ??????? ??? ???? NNDB people (??????????)

????? [ ??? ]

^ Charles Dudley Warner , ed. (1897), Library of the World's Best Literature (???????????), QID : Q19098835
^ Thumfart (2009)
^ Vreeland 1917 ? chap 1.
^ Stahl 1965 .
^ van Ittersum 2006 ? Chap. 1.
^ Selden 1652 .
^ Vreeland 1917 ? chap 3.
^ Grotius & Rabbie 1995 .
^ Van Dam 1994 .

???? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ????????

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ???????

[wikidata-17719537c93d3b75709dc5a408afd9a5d3cd7899-1] Charles Dudley Warner , ed. (1897), Library of the World's Best Literature (???????????), QID : Q19098835

[2] Thumfart (2009)

[FOOTNOTEVreeland1917chap_1-3] Vreeland 1917 ? chap 1.

[FOOTNOTEStahl1965-4] Stahl 1965 .

[FOOTNOTEvan_Ittersum2006Chap._1-5] van Ittersum 2006 ? Chap. 1.

[FOOTNOTESelden1652-6] Selden 1652 .

[FOOTNOTEVreeland1917chap_3-7] Vreeland 1917 ? chap 3.

[FOOTNOTEGrotiusRabbie1995-8] Grotius & Rabbie 1995 .

[FOOTNOTEVan_Dam1994-9] Van Dam 1994 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

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