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?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ( ??????????? : Aerogel )? ??? ???? " ?????? "?????? " ???????" ?? ???? ??????? ???????" ?????? " ?????? "??????" . ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? . ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? , [1] ? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????" ?????? "

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??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????. ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????. [ ????? ????? ] ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????. ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? (??????) ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? 2?5 ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????.

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?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? . ??? 18 ?????? 2011? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? 0.9 ??????? ??? ??????? ????. [4]

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  • ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ?? Vomit Comet? ?? ????? ???? ?????? [1] ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? Rayleigh scattering ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????.
  • ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????.
  • ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? .
  • ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????.
  • ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????.
  • ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? '???????' ????????? ?? ????? ????? 2000. ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????. ?? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????.
  • ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? . ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????????. ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????

. [5] [6]

??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????. ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????????????? ??????? ????????.

  • ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? (?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ) ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????600 ?²/????.
  • ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ????????. ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? .
  • ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? . ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? CO2 ??? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????. [8] [9]
  • ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ???????? ??????? . ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? 2000 ??? 5000 ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????. [10] ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???.
  • ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????. [11]
  • ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? . [12]
  • ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ? ??????-3.

. [13]

??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (?????????? ?????? (??????? ??? ?????) ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? (????) ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? (?????????) ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? (?????)? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? (?????????) ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????- ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? (????? ????????) ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? (??????? ??? ?????) ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ( ???????? ) ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? (??? ??????)? ??? ????? ????? (????? ??????? ??? ?????) ????? ???? ?? (??????? ??? ?????) ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? (??? ?????) ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????. [14]

???? ???? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ Taher? Abul (19 ????? 2007). "Scientists hail 'frozen smoke' as material that will change world" . News Article . Times Online. ????? ?? ????? (Web) ?? 2008-05-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-08-22 .
  2. ^ Kistler S. S. (1931). "Coherent expanded aerogels and jellies". ????? (?????) . ?. 127 ?. 3211: 741.
  3. ^ Kistler S. S. (1932). "Coherent Expanded-Aerogels". Journal of Physical Chemistry . ?. 36 ?. 1: 52?64. DOI : 10.1021/j150331a003 .
  4. ^ ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? "??? ???? ?? ??????"? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? 2014-02-19 ?? Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Preventing heat escape through insulation called "aerogel" , NASA CPL ???? ?????? 2014-04-07 ?? Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Down-to-Earth Uses for Space Materials , The Aerospace Corporation ???? ?????? 2012-04-02 ?? Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Nuckols? M. L. ( 2005 ). "Manned Evaluation of a Prototype Composite Cold Water Diving Garment Using Liquids and Superinsulation Aerogel Materials" . US Naval Experimental Diving Unit Technical Report . NEDU-05-02. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-12-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-04-21 . {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }} : ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= ( ?????? ) ? ?????? author-name-list parameters ???? ???? ?? ??? ( ?????? )
  8. ^ Smirnova I., Suttiruengwong S., Arlt W. (2004). "Feasibility study of hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica aerogels as drug delivery systems". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids . ?. 350: 54?60. DOI : 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.06.031 . {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }} : ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )
  9. ^ From the Research group Pharmaceutical Thermodynamics [ ???? ?????? ] of Friedrich - Alexander - University Erlangen - Nuremberg "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-02-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-07-12 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  10. ^ Aerogel Capacitors Support Pulse, Hold-Up, and Main Power Applications ???? ?????? 2012-10-29 ?? Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Dunlop Squash Racquets [ ???? ?????? ] "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2010-01-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-09-25 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  12. ^ Carmichael, Mary. First Prize for Weird: A bizarre substance, like 'frozen smoke,' may clean up rivers, run cell phones and power spaceships. Newsweek International, 2007-08-13 . Retrieved on 2007-08-05 . "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2010-09-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-07-12 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  13. ^ Halperin, W. P. and Sauls, J. A., Helium-Three in Aerogel cond-mat/0408593v1 .
  14. ^ ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? 2014-08-07 ?? Wayback Machine [ ???? ?????? ]
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