??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????:

????? ???? ?????? (?????? ???? ??? ????) ?????? ?????????:????? ???? ?????? ????:????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????????. ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????.  ????   ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????????.  ???   ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????????.   ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? |???= . ????? ???? ??? ??????? (?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????) ??? ??????? ?????????:????? ???? ??? ??????? ????:????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????. ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????.  ????   ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????????.  ??????   ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????????.   ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? . ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? |???= .

???????? ????? ??????? SNMP ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? Network ManagementSystems ?????? ???????. 1. ????? ????? ??????? Network ManagementSystems: ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???. ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? Administrator ????? ??? ????? ??????? Manager? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????...???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? Agent. 2. ???????? SNMP: ?????? ???????? SNMP ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? Management Information Base MIB ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? Agent ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????. ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? Administrator ?????? ???????:

• ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ... ???.
• ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????.
• ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????.
• ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ???.

????? ??????? Management Operation?: ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? Object? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? MIB ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??. ?????? ???????? SNMP ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???TCP/IP ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? UDP ??????? Port ?? ????? 161 . ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? Manager ??????? Agent ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??:

• Get-Request: ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? MIB ???? ???? ????? ??????.
• Get-Next-Request: ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????.
• Set-Request: ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????.
• Trap: ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??.
• Get-Respond: ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????.

????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????: ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? Main Manager ??????? Agent ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? Intermediate Manager? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? SNMP ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? SMI (Structure of Management Information) ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? MIB? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? SNMP ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ???? ??????? ??????? SMIStructure of Management Information: ?????? ?????? SMI ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? MIB? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? Scalar ?????? ?????????? ?????? 2Dimentional arrayof scalars?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? Management InformationBase & Object ID: ?? MIB ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? MIB 2 ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????. ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??? MIB? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? MIB tree ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? OID .