???? ???? ???????

???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? . ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ? ????? ????????? ???????? (SIV)? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????. ^[1]^[2]

???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? (BIS)? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? (SBS)? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ^[2]^[3] ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????. ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????. ^[4] ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? 2007-2008 ? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? (??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????????) ?? ???? ????????? ????????. ^[4]

??? ??? 2000? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? 2008? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ^[5]^[6]^[7]

?? ??? 2007? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? 25 ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? 2008 ??? 24 ??????? ?????. ^[7] ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? 50 ??????? ????? ??? 2007 ??? 47 ??????? ????? ??? 2008 ??? ??? ????? ??? 51 ??????? ????? ??? 2011. ^[5] ??? ??? 2012? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? 67 ??????? ?????. ^[8]^[9] ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????.

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? "Shadow Banking System" ?????????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? 2007 ???? ??? ≪???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????.≫ ^[10]^[11]? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??SBS.

????? ???? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ Herve Hannoun (21 ???? 2008). "Financial deepening without financial excesses" (PDF) . 43rd SEACEN Governors’ Conference . Jakarta. ?. 8. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2019-11-05.
^ ^? ^? Robert J. Shiller "Finance and the Good Society", Princeton University Press (2012), ISBN 0-691-15488-0 .
^ Herve Hannoun (21 ???? 2008). "Financial deepening without financial excesses" (PDF) . 43rd SEACEN Governors’ Conference . Jakarta. ?. 8. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2019-11-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-04-30 .
^ ^? ^? Michael Simkovic (2009). "Secret Liens and the Financial Crisis of 2008" . American Bankruptcy Law Journal . ?. 83: 253. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-4-30 .
^ ^? ^? Masters, Brook, Shadow banking surpasses pre-crisis level , ????????? ????? , ft.com, 2011-10-27. "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-03-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-09-06 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
^ "Chapter 2 Shadow Banking". Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission Report (PDF) (Report). The Financial Crisis Inquiry Comission. ????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2018-09-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-10-12 .
^ ^? ^? "Shadow Banking: Strengthening Oversight and Regulation" (PDF) (Press release). Financial Stability Board. 27 ?????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2012-09-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-09-11 .
^ Brunsden, Jim & Moshinsky, Ben, Shadow Banking Grows to $67 Trillion Industry, Regulators Say , "Bloomberg", 2012-11-19. Accessed 2012-11-28. ???? ?????? 18 ?????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ 67 ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? - ???? ??????? ???? ?????? 23 ????? 2013 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . ^{[
???? ??????
]}
^ McCulley, Paul , Teton Reflections , pimco.com, August/September 2007. ???? ?????? 30 ????? 2010 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . ^{[
???? ??????
]}
^ Gross, Bill, Beware our shadow banking system , ?? ?? ?? ? cnn.com, 2007-11-28. ???? ?????? 28 ???? 2014 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

????? ???????

[Hannoun21Mar2008-1] Herve Hannoun (21 ???? 2008). "Financial deepening without financial excesses" (PDF) . 43rd SEACEN Governors’ Conference . Jakarta. ?. 8. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2019-11-05.

[Shiller-2] ? ^? Robert J. Shiller "Finance and the Good Society", Princeton University Press (2012), ISBN 0-691-15488-0 .

[مولد_تلقائيا1-3] Herve Hannoun (21 ???? 2008). "Financial deepening without financial excesses" (PDF) . 43rd SEACEN Governors’ Conference . Jakarta. ?. 8. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2019-11-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-04-30 .

[Secret_Liens-4] ? ^? Michael Simkovic (2009). "Secret Liens and the Financial Crisis of 2008" . American Bankruptcy Law Journal . ?. 83: 253. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-4-30 .

[masters-5] ? ^? Masters, Brook, Shadow banking surpasses pre-crisis level , ????????? ????? , ft.com, 2011-10-27. "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-03-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-09-06 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

[FCICR-6] "Chapter 2 Shadow Banking". Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission Report (PDF) (Report). The Financial Crisis Inquiry Comission. ????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2018-09-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-10-12 .

[FSB-7] ? ^? "Shadow Banking: Strengthening Oversight and Regulation" (PDF) (Press release). Financial Stability Board. 27 ?????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2012-09-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-09-11 .

[8] Brunsden, Jim & Moshinsky, Ben, Shadow Banking Grows to $67 Trillion Industry, Regulators Say , "Bloomberg", 2012-11-19. Accessed 2012-11-28. ???? ?????? 18 ?????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[9] 67 ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? - ???? ??????? ???? ?????? 23 ????? 2013 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . ^{[
???? ??????
]}

[10] McCulley, Paul , Teton Reflections , pimco.com, August/September 2007. ???? ?????? 30 ????? 2010 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . ^{[
???? ??????
]}

[11] Gross, Bill, Beware our shadow banking system , ?? ?? ?? ? cnn.com, 2007-11-28. ???? ?????? 28 ???? 2014 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

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