???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????

???? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? (???????????: Reusable launch system)? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????. ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???.

????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???. ^[1]

??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? 9 ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ????.

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? (SSTO) ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????.

???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????.

????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????.

???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ^[2]

?????? [ ??? ]

????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????. ?????? ??? ???????? ??? 9% ??? 12% ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????.

???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????. ????? ??????? ?? ??-??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? 9 ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?????? ????? ?????? ??? 10% ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????. ^[3]^[4]

????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???. ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ^[5]

??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? 15% ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????????. ^[6]

???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? (TPS) ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? (MIRVs) ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? (ICBM). ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????. ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????. ^[7]^[8]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ "Reusability" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-11-20 .
^ Reyes? Tim (17 ?????? 2014). "Balloon launcher Zero2Infinity Sets Its Sights to the Stars" . Universe Today . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-07-09 .
^ Berger? Eric. "Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk spar over gravity of Blue Origin rocket landing" . Ars Technica . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-11-25 .
^ "SpaceX on Twitter" . Twitter . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-01-07 .
^ Sippel? M? Stappert? S? Bussler? L? Dumont? E (?????? 2017)? "Systematic Assessment of Reusable First-Stage Return Options" (PDF) ? IAC-17-D2.4.4, 68th International Astronautical Congress, Adelaide, Australia. ? ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-04-13
^ Chung? Winchell D. Jr. (30 ???? 2011). "Basic Design" . Atomic Rockets . Projectrho.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-07-04 .
^ Johnson? Sylvia (?????? 2012). "Thermal Protection Materials: Development, Characterization, and Evaluation" (PDF) . NASA Ames Research Center. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-04-13.
^ High emissivity coatings on fibrous ceramics for reusable space systems Corrosion Science 2019 ???? ?????? 13 ????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

???? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[1] "Reusability" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-11-20 .

[2] Reyes? Tim (17 ?????? 2014). "Balloon launcher Zero2Infinity Sets Its Sights to the Stars" . Universe Today . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-07-09 .

[arstechnica20151125-3] Berger? Eric. "Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk spar over gravity of Blue Origin rocket landing" . Ars Technica . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-11-25 .

[4] "SpaceX on Twitter" . Twitter . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-01-07 .

[IAC2017-5] Sippel? M? Stappert? S? Bussler? L? Dumont? E (?????? 2017)? "Systematic Assessment of Reusable First-Stage Return Options" (PDF) ? IAC-17-D2.4.4, 68th International Astronautical Congress, Adelaide, Australia. ? ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-04-13

[atom-6] Chung? Winchell D. Jr. (30 ???? 2011). "Basic Design" . Atomic Rockets . Projectrho.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-07-04 .

[7] Johnson? Sylvia (?????? 2012). "Thermal Protection Materials: Development, Characterization, and Evaluation" (PDF) . NASA Ames Research Center. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-04-13.

[8] High emissivity coatings on fibrous ceramics for reusable space systems Corrosion Science 2019 ???? ?????? 13 ????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

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