???????? ???????

?????????? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????. ^[1]^[2]^[3] ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? (???????) ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? (????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????) ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? (????????? ?????? ).

?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? (??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????).

???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????.

??? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? (????????????? Thermodynamics) ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? (????????? ??? ?????? ).

??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????. ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????.

??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? (??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????) ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????. ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???-???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? (?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????)? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???-???????? .

??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? 1/2 ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????-????? . ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? (??? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????) ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ????????. ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? (????? ??? 3 ?????????) ???? ????? ??? 4 ?? 5 ?? 6 ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????. ? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? . ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? .

??? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????. ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????.

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Mahon, Basil (2003). The Man Who Changed Everything ? the Life of James Clerk Maxwell . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN : 0-470-86171-1 . OCLC : 52358254 .
^ Mayants? Lazar (1984). The enigma of probability and physics . Springer. ?. 174. ISBN : 978-90-277-1674-3 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-10.
^ "Illustrations of the dynamical theory of gases. Part II. On the process of diffusion of two or more kinds of moving particles among one another," Philosophical Magazine , 4th series, 20 : 21?37. ???? ?????? 2019-06-08 ?? Wayback Machine

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???????? ???????

[1] Mahon, Basil (2003). The Man Who Changed Everything ? the Life of James Clerk Maxwell . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN : 0-470-86171-1 . OCLC : 52358254 .

[2] Mayants? Lazar (1984). The enigma of probability and physics . Springer. ?. 174. ISBN : 978-90-277-1674-3 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-10.

[3] "Illustrations of the dynamical theory of gases. Part II. On the process of diffusion of two or more kinds of moving particles among one another," Philosophical Magazine , 4th series, 20 : 21?37. ???? ?????? 2019-06-08 ?? Wayback Machine

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