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( ??????????? : Michelle Obama )?  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1559) في ويكي بيانات
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20 ????? 2009 ? 20 ????? 2017
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??????? 17 ????? 1964 (????? 60 ???)
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???? ?????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P551) في ويكي بيانات
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????? ??????? ??????? [1] [2]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P172) في ويكي بيانات
????? 180.34 ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P2048) في ويكي بيانات
??????? ???????????
???? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P463) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? ?????? ( 1992)
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??? ??????? 2 [1]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1971) في ويكي بيانات
???? ?????? ????? ??????? [3]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P25) في ويكي بيانات
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????? ?? ????? ????????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P108) في ويكي بيانات
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IMDB ?????? ??? IMDB   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P345) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

????? ????? ?????? ?????? ( ??????????? : Michelle Obama )? (??? ?????? ??????? ?????? 17 ????? 1964) ?????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? 2009 ?2017. ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????.

????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ??? 1992? ?????? ??????.

???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? 2007 ?2008? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? 2008. ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? 2012. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? 2016? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????.

????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????.

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????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? 17????? ??? 1964 ?? ????? ?????? . ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? [6] ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? . ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? (Spiegel).

???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? . ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ≪??????≫ ?? ????? ≪??? ??????≫ ?? ????????? ????????. ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ≪?????????≫ ?? ????????? ???????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????. ???? ???? ≪????? ???????≫ ????? ?? ????????? ????????. ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ≪??? ?????≫ ??? ???????.

??? ≪???????≫ ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ≪???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????≫. ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ≪???? ????≫ ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? (???????? ?????). ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ≪????? ????≫ ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ≪???????≫ ???? ≪ ???? ?????? ≫ ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????. ?????? ??? 1981 ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????.

??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? [7] ???? ???? ???? ??? 1983 [8] ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ≪????? ???????≫ ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? . [9] ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ≪???? ???? ??? ??? ??????.≫ [10] [11] ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? [12] ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???. ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????. ????? ≪????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? . ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???.≫ [13]

????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? (??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????)? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????. ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???. ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ≪????????- ????????? ????? ?????? ?????.≫ ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????-????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ??? 90 ???? ?? ??? 400 ???? ?????? ??? ?????????. ????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? 1985. [14] [15]

?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? 1988. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ≪???? ????≫? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ≪?????? ???????≫ ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????: ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ≪????? ???????? ?????.≫ ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???. ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ?? ????? 2008? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ≪???? ???? ????≫Alpha Kappa Alpha ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????.

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ≪????? ?????≫ ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????. [15] ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? 1993. [16] [17] ??? ??? 1991 ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? 1993? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????. [18] ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? 12 ????? ????? ?????? ?????. [19]

?? ??? 1996? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? 2002? [20] ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? 2005 ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????. [21] ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? [22] ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????. [23] ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2006? ???? ????? ?????? 273,618 ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ?????? 157,082 ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? . ???? ??? ?????? ??????? 991,296 ?????? ??? ?? ??? 51,200 ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ≪??? ????≫ ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????????. [24] ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????. [25]

??????? ???????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ≪???????? ?????≫ ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ≪??????? ???????≫ ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????????. [26] ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? 2000? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????. ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????????. ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????.

???? ?????????? ???????? ??? 2008 [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? .
?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????????? (??????) .

?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????. [27] ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????. ??? ???? 2007? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? 80% ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????????. [28] ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? 2008? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????. ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? . ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ≪?????? ??????? ???????≫? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????: ≪?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????. ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????.≫ [29] ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? 2008 ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? (The View) ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? . ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???. [30] ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????. [31] ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????. [32] ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ????. [33] ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????. [34] [35] ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? 2008? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????.

?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? 2008.
????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? 10 ?????? 2007.

????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? . [36] ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ≪??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????.≫ [37] ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? [36] [38] [39] ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????. [40] ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????. [41] ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? 55%. [42] ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? 2008? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???. ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????????. ??? ?????? ??? ?????? (America's Pulse) ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????.

???? ????? ?????????? ??? 2012 [ ??? ]

?????? (?? ???? ??????) ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? 2012.

?????? ?????????? ??????? 2012 [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? 2012. ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? 2011 ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????? 2008. [43] ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? [44] [45] ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? 60% ??? ?????? ????? ??????? [46] ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ≪???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????≫. [47]

???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? [48] ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????. ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????≪ ?? ???? ???? ≫ ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ???????. [49] ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? [50] ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? [51] [52] - ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????????. [53] ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? 61% ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? 2012 ?? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? 2009. [54] ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????????. ??? ????? ≪ ?? ??????? The Guardian≫ ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ≪ ?? ????? ≫ ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? - ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???????. ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???? 47% ????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? 96% ????? 52% ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????. [55] ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? [56] [57] ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ≪ ??????? Newsweek≫ ?????? ’’??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????.‘‘ [58]

?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????. [59] ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????. [59] [60]

??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????????. ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? 2009. ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? . ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????. ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. [61]

?? 5 ????? 2009? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ??? 2009 ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? . [62]

???? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????: ????? ?????!? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????. ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ????? 2012? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????. ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? 2015? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????.

?? ?????? 2013? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ≪????? ?????≫ ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ≪???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? 1830.≫ ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ≪?? ??? ?????≫ ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ?? ???? 2014? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? #??????_???????. ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ≪??? ?? ??? ??????≫ ???????.

?? ???????? [ ??? ]

  • ????: ?????? (?????? - ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????. ?????? ??? ??? 2018).

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ ? ? BlackPast.org (???????????), QID : Q30049687
  2. ^ BlackPast.org (???????????), QID : Q30049687
  3. ^ "'I want to rip Bill Clinton's eyes out. Kidding! See, that's what gets me into trouble'" (???????????). The Guardian . 4 May 2008 . Retrieved 2014-12-10 .
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