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????? - ????? ????? - ????? ???? ?????? حول القالب

????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? 30 ????. [2] ?????? ??? 1962. [3]

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????? ??? ??? 1926 ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? "????? ?????????? ??????" ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? "????? ???????" ?? ??? 1932? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1937? ??? ???? ????? (????) ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? 1962? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? 125 ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????. [4]

?? ??? 1969? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 1972. ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? . [4]

?? ????? 2010? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? 9000? [4] ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 2012? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????. [4]

????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??? 2018. [5]

??? ????? 2020? ?????? ????? "???? ?????????? ???????" ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????.

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????

???? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????: ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????. [6]

???? ????? "???? ?????????? ???????" ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? (??)? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ??? ??? 2000? ????? ???????? ?? [??????????] ? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. [7]

?? ??? 1981? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? "???????? ????"? ??? ???? ???? ????? " ????? ??????: ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? " ?????? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????.

?? ??? 2018? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? [??????????] ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? "???????? ???????"? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????.

?? ??? 2019? ????? ????? "???? ????? ?? ?? ??" ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????. [8]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???? ????? ????? ????

?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? "????" ?? "???????" ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? 1962. [9] ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? "mitp"? ??? ???? ???????? ???? "t" ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? "p" ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????. [10] ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? [??????????] ?? ??? 2015 ?????? ???? ???????? [??????????] .

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? "???? ?????????? ???????" ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? 1995 ?????? "City of Bits" ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????.

??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ???? ??? ????? ??????? [??????????] ? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????: ?????-19? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????. ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????????. [11]

?? ??? 2021? ????? ????? ?????? "????? ?? ????"? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? 2022? ??? ??????80 ?????? ?? ??? ?????. [12] "??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????" ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? "??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????". [13]

??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 2019? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??????????? ??? [??????????] " ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? "??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???????" ?"??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????????" ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. [14]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ ? ? ????? ??: ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? .
  2. ^ "History" (???????????). The MIT Press. Archived from the original on 2012-07-02.
  3. ^ "History" . MIT Press (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2023-03-15 . Retrieved 2023-04-19 .
  4. ^ ? ? ? ? "History | The MIT Press" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-10-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-11-17 .
  5. ^ "LSC Buys TriLiteral; Turner Purchases Gurze Books" . PublishersWeekly.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-07-08 .
  6. ^ "MIT Press Catalogs" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-03-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-05-11 .
  7. ^ "CogNet FAQ" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-05-21.
  8. ^ "The MIT Press Reader" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-13.
  9. ^ Stinson? Liz. "MIT Media Lab Gets a Transforming Logo, Courtesy of Pentagram" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-01.
  10. ^ "AIGA profile of Muriel Cooper" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-01-30.
  11. ^ "MIT Press Open Access" . MIT Press Open Access . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-01-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-03-02 .
  12. ^ "Direct to Open | Books Gateway | MIT Press" . direct.mit.edu . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-03-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-03-02 .
  13. ^ Press, The MIT. "MIT Press Open Architecture and Urban Studies" . mitpress.mit.edu (???????????). Archived from the original on 2023-03-22 . Retrieved 2022-03-02 .
  14. ^ Press, The MIT. "MIT Kids Press and MITeen Press Imprints from Candlewick" . mitpress.mit.edu (???????????). Archived from the original on 2022-06-28 . Retrieved 2022-03-02 .
أيقونة بذرة

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