??? ???? (??? ????)

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Le Morte Darthur  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1476) في ويكي بيانات
???? ???? ??? ???? (???? 1906)? ?????? ?????
??????? ??????
?????? ????? ??????
????? ????? ???????
????? ?????????? ??????
?????? ???? ???????
????? ????? 1485
????? ?????? ????? ??????
??????? ????? ???????? "Matter of Britain"
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

??? ???? ( ????????? : Le Morte d'Arthur ) ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ???. ?? ??? ??? ??? ≪?????≫ ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???.

?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? 1485 ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? " The Hoole Book of Kyng Arthur and of His Noble Knyghtes of The Rounde Table ". ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 1934? ???? ???? 1485 ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????. [1] ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????.

?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ????? ??????

?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ≪????? ????? ??????≫ ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???. [2] ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ≪?????? ?????? ????? ?????? Knyght presoner Thomas Malleorre ≫ (????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????. ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????: ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 1416? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? . [3] [4]

??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? 1434? ???? ????? ??? 1450 ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1433? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? "Coombe Abbey" . ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? 1451 ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1452. ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ? ??? ??? ??? ????. ?? ??? 1461 ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?? ????????. ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1468 ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? . [3] ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????. [5] ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? 1470? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???. [3]

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?" Le Morte d'Arthur" ? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????. ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? (?? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????) ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????" Alliterative Morte Arthure and the Stanzaic Morte Arthur " ?????? ??? ????." [6] ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? " Erec et Enide" ? ?????? ????? " L'atre perilleux" ? ?????????? " Perlesvaus" ? ????? ?? ???? ????? "Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion" (?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? " Ywain and Gawain" )? ????? ????? ????? " Weddynge of Syr Gawen" (?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? [7] )? ?????? ??? ???????. [8] ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? (???? ????? " Freynshe booke ")? ???????? ??? (??? ???? " other bookis ") ??? ?????. [9] ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? " De re Militari" . [10]

????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? [11] ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? "??????? ??????? ????". ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? "?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? " The Hoole Book of Kyng Arthur and The Noble Knyghtes of The Rounde Table "? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? . ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????????. ??? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????. ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? 21 ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? 507 ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? " colophon " ??? ?????? ??????. [12]

??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? 1485. ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????. [13] ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? 1498 ?1529 ?? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? " Wynkyn de Worde" ???? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? : ?????? ??????? (1557) ?????? ???? (1585) ??????? ??????? (1634)? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? (??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????). ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????.

?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ????? ??????? " Winchester College " ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? 1934? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??? 1485 ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. [14] ??? ?????? "????????" ?? ??? 1963? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????"? ?? "???? ???? ??? ???????" ?? ???? ???????. [15]

??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????. ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????. [15] ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 1935 ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ≪???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????≫. [16] ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? (?????) ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????. ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ≪???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ≫. [17] [18]

?? ???? ??? 1947 ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???. [19] ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????. [20]

?????? ?????????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? (???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????????). ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? . ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? (??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????) ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? (??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? [21] ). ????? ?????. [22] ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???. ???? ??? ?????? ???????? (?????? ?? ?????):

  1. ????? ????? ????? ????: ≪ ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? (???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????)≫ ( Fro the Maryage of Kynge Uther unto Kynge Arthure that regned aftir hym and ded many batayles )
  2. ??? ???? ?? ??????? : ≪ ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ≫ ( The Noble Tale betwyxt Kynge Arthure and Lucius the Emperour of Rome )
  3. ??????? ????? ??????? : ≪ ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? (??????? ???????)≫ ( The Noble Tale of Sir Launcelot du Lake )
  4. ??? ????? ?????: ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? . ( The Tale of Sir Gareth of Orkeney )
  5. ?????? ??????? ???????: ≪ ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ≫. ????? ????? ??? ( The Fyrste Boke of Sir Trystrams de Lyones ? The Secunde Boke of Sir Trystrams de Lyones )
  6. ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????: ≪ ??????? ??????? ?????????? ≫ ( The Noble Tale of the Sankegreall )
  7. ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? : ≪ ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ≫ ( Sir Launcelot and Quene Gwenyvere )
  8. ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? : ≪ ??? ???? ≫ ( The Deth of Arthur )

????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ≪????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????≫. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????: ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ≪????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????≫. [23] ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????. ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????:

  • ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? 20 ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
  • ???? 15 ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????
  • ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? (??? ???? ????? " Joyous Gard "). [24]

????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? "???- ?-?? ( so?and?then )" ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????. [25] ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? "????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? (?? ????)? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ???: "????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????." [26]

?????? ????? (????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????) [ ??? ]

"??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ???????"? ??? ?????? ? Le Morte Darthur , J. M. Dent & Co., London (1893?1894, ?????? ????? ???????

????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? " Prose Merlin" ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? " Post-Vulgate Suite du Merlin" . [8] ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? (≪???????≫ ??????) ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????. ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??. ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????. ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? " Pentecostal Oath " ????? ???.

???? ?????? ????? ????? ≪????? ????? ??????≫? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? (??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????). ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? (??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????).

?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????. [27] ????? ?????? ???? ?? ≪????? ????? ??????: ??? ????≫-?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? . ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????.

?????? ?????? (?????? ?? ???????) [ ??? ]

????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? " Alliterative Morte Arthure" ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? . ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????. [28] ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????????. [29] ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????.

?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???. ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????. ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? (??????) ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????. ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? (??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????)? ????? ≪???? ??????≫ ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????. ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????.

?????? ?????? (?????? ?? ???????) [ ??? ]

"??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????. "??" ???????? ????? ???? "(1917). ?????? ?? "??? ????" ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????

?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? (?? ?????? ?? ??? " Agravain "? ????? ??? ??? ?? " the chapel perilous" ???????? ?? "Perlesvaus"? [8] [30] [31] ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. [32] ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????. ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????.

????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? (???? ?????) ???????? ?????? ????? ????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????. [33]

?????? ?????? (?????? ?? ???????) [ ??? ]

??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????????. ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????. [34] ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? (??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????) ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ????.

?????? ?????? (?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????) [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? (???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????)?" La Cote de Male Tayle "? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????????.

????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????.

?????? ?????? (?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????) [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ??"?????? ????? ???? ???????" (1914)

??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????-??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???????. ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????.

??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????. ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? " secular "? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???????. ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????????.

?????? ?????? (?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????) [ ??? ]

????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????. ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? (??? ?? ??? ≪ ????? ?????? ??????? Fair Made of Ascolat ≫) ?? ?????? ?????? ?≪ ??????? ?????? The Great Tournament ≫ ?≪ ???? ????? ???? The Healing of Sir Urry ≫. [35] ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????????.

?????? ?????? (??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????) [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? 1912 ?????? ?????? ???????

?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? [36] ??? ?????????? "Stanzaic Morte Arthur" (?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? [37] ). ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???????. ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????.

?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????.

????????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? 1816 ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?.?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? 1634. ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? 1817 ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? 1485 ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? . ?????? ??????? (?? ????? ???????) ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????:

Doo after the good and leve the evyl, and it shal brynge you to good fame and renomme. [38] (Do after the good and leave the evil, and it shall bring you to good fame and renown. [39] )

??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? " Le Morte d'Arthur" .

???? [ ??? ]

????? ???? [ ??? ]

  • ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? :
    • ???? ??? ?????:
      • ??????? ????? ?????. ??????? ??????: ???? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ?? ?? (1976). ????: ????? ???? ????????? ??????. ( ???? 0-19-722404-0 ).
    • ??????? ???????:
      • ??????? ????? ?????. ??? ????. (????? ?????? ??????). ??. ?????? ????? ??. (2004). ???????: ????? ????? ??????.( ???? 0-393-97464-2 )
      • ????? ????? ????? ??????. ??. ???????? ?????. ?????? ???????. ????? Rev P.J.C (1990). 3 ??????. ???????: ????? ????? ???????. ( ???? 0-19-812344-2 ? ????? 0-19-812345-0 ? ????? 0-19-812346-9 ).
      • ??????: ??????? ???????. ??. ???????? ????? (1977). ???????: ????? ????? ???????. ( ???? 0-19-281217-3 ). (Revision ?????? ?????? ????? ??????: ????? ??? 1971).
      • _________. ??????: ?????. ??. ???????? ????? (1971). ?????? ???????. ???????: ????? ????? ???????. ( ???? 0-19-254163-3 ).
      • _________. ????? ????? ????? ??????. ??. ???????? ????? (1967). ?????? ???????. 3 ??????. ???????: ????? ????????. ( ???? 0-19-811838-4 ).
      • _________. ??????: ?????. ??. ???????? ????? (1954). ???????: ????? ????? ???????. ( ???? 0-19-254163-3 ). (?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ≪????? ????? ????? ??????≫ (1947)? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????.)
      • _________. ????? ????? ????? ??????. ??. ???????? ????? (1947). 3 ??????. ???????: ????? ????????.
    • ????? ?????:
      • ??????? ????? ?????. ??? ????: ?????? ??????? . ??. ????? ????? (1998). ???????: ????? ????? ???????. ( ???? 0-19-282420-1 ). (?? ?????.)
    • ??????? / ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????:
      • ?????????? ?????. ≪??? ???? ????? ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????≫ (?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????) ???????? ???????? ????????: ????? ??????? 2009. ( ???? 1-60235-103-1 ).
      • ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????  : ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ????? ??? (1983). ???????: ??????? ????. ( ???? 0-517-02060-2 ). ???? ?????? ?????? Signet (2001). ( ???? 0-451-52816-6 ).
      • _________. ??? ????. (???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????) ?????. ????? ????????? (1982). ???????: ????? ?????? ???????. ( ???? 0-684-17673-4 ).
      • ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? . ≪????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????: ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????.≫ (1976) ???????: ?????? ???. ???? ??????? ??? 1993. ( ???? 0-374-52378-9 ). (??? ?????)
      • ?????? ??.?? ≪??????: ??? ????.≫ ≪???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????≫? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???. (1968) ????: ?????? ??????. ???? ??????? ??? 1993. ( ???? 0-7131-5326-1 ). (???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????.)
  • ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????:
    • ???? ??? ?????:
      • ??????? ????? ?????. "??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? 1485 . ??. ??????? ??? (1976). ????.
    • ??????? ???????:
      • ??????? ????? ?????. ``?????? ???????? . ??. ??????? ????. ????? (1983). ??????. ?????? ???? ??????: ????? ????? ??????????. ( ???? 0-520-03825-8 ).
      • _________. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ??. ????? ??. ?????? (1889-1891). ???? ??????. ????: ????? ???. ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??:
      • _________. `` ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? (2017). ???? ??? ?????.( ???? 978-1786645517 ).
    • ????? ?????:
      • ??????? ????? ?????. ??? ????. ??. ??????? ??? (2000). ????? ???????? ??? ????. ????: ?????. ( ???? 0-304-35367-1 ). (???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????).
      • _________. ??? ????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? (1996). ????????????: ????? ???????? ????????. ( ???? 1-85326-463-6 ). (????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????.)
      • _________. ??? ????. ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?. (1994). ???????: ??????? ???????. ( ???? 0-679-60099-X ). (?? ??????.)
      • _________. ??? ????. ??. ????? ????? (1970). ????? ???? ?????? ???. 2 ??????. ????: ???????. ( ???? 0-14-043043-1 ? ????? 0-14-043044-X ).
      • _________. ??? ????. ??. ???? ??? (1906). (????? ???????? 45 ? 46.) ????: ???? ????: ??. ??. ??? ? ???????: ?? ?? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? 1976: ( ???? 0-460-01045-X ? ????? 0-460-01046-8 ). (?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? 1897.)
      • _________. ??? ????: ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ??. ??????? ??? ????? (1903). 2 ??????. ???????: ????????. (?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? 1868 ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????). ????? ??? ????? ??:
      • _________. ??? ????. ??. ?????? F. J. (1893?94). ??? ?????? ???????? ?????. ??????. ????: ???.
    • ????? ??????: ??? ????? ????? ??????? 2006? ???? ????? ?????? ( ???? 978-1-4116-8987-9 )

????? [ ??? ]

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