???? ???? ????

???? ???? ????
??????? ?????
???????	8 ?????? 1965 ; ??????
??????	7 ?????? 2004 (38 ???) ; ????????
??? ??????	?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????
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???????	????????
?????? ???????
???????	????? ?????????
??????? ????	????? ?????????
??????	????? ? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? (IMPARSIAL)
??????	???????????
??? ??????	???? ??????? ??????? ??????
???????
	????? ???? ?????????
	????? ????? - ?????

???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? (8 ?????? 1965 ? 7 ?????? 2004)? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? . ???? ????? ???? ??????? ≪???????≫ KontraS ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? 2000? ????? ???? ?? ??? 2004 ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????. ^[1] ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????.

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ^[2] ?? ????? ??????? . ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 1989 ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ^[3] ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ??????. ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? .

??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. ^[4]

??? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? (KontraS). ^[5] ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? (????????? IMPARSIAL)? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????.

?? ??? 2001 ? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ^[4]

??????? ????? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? 7 ?????? 2004 . ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? . ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? . ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????????. ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? . ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????. ^[6]

????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? 12 ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????.

??? ???? ????? ????? ???. ?????????? ??????? Pollycarpus Budihari Priyanto ? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????. ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? Garuda ?? ??? ?????? Indra Setiawan.

???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. ^[5] ^[7]

?? ?????? 2005 ? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????????.

?? ?????? 2006? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????. ^[1] ??? ??? ?? ????? 2007 ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????. ^[8]

?? ?????? / ????? ????? 2007? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????????. ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????. ^[9] ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????. ^[10]

?? ??? 2007? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? 600 ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????. ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???. ^[11] ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????. ^[12]

?? ?????? 2014? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????. ^[13]

???? ????? ??????? ?????? (??) ?? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? (BIN) ?? ???? ????. ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? BIN. ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ≪ ?????? ????? ≫. ^[5] ^[7] ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? . ^[14] ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?? 26 ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?? BIN ?????.

???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ". ^[14] ????? ?? ????? ???????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????????. ^[5]

?? ??????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????. ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ^[5]

?? ??? 2014? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ≪??????? ???????≫ ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ^[15]

??????? ??? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ≪????? ?????? ??? ????????≫. ^[16]

?? ??? 2013 ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????. ^[17]

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????????. ^[18]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? Munir murder conviction quashed BBC News ???? ?????? 11 ?????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Komisi Untuk Orang Hilang dan Tindak Kekerasan, Bunuh Munir!: Sebuah Buku Putih (2006) ...Munir, atau lengkapnya Munir bin Thalib dibesarkan dalam keluarga muslim keturunan Arab. Kakek moyangnya adalah imigran dari Hadhramaut (Yaman) yang ratusan...
^ Ramadhan? Hamzah (10 ?????? 2014). "Munir Museum Brings Human Rights Issues to East Java" . Jakarta Globe . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-04-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-03-31 .
^ ^? ^? Pitaloka? Dyah Ayu (6 ?????? 2014). "Remembering Munir ? Human Rights Defender, Brother, Husband, Father and Friend" . Jakarta Globe . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-09-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-09-07 .
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Tibke? Patrick (2 ?????? 2014). "Jokowi's Challenge ? Part 3: An end to impunity or same old injustices?" . Asian Correspondent . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-07-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-09-06 .
^ "Rights campaigner Munir dies on plane" . The Jakarta Post . 8 ?????? 2004. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2004-11-16.
^ ^? ^? "Secretary Kerry's Trip to Indonesia Should Promote Human Rights". Targeted News Service . 4 ?????? 2013. ???????? 1439503188 . {{ ??????? ???? }}: templatestyles stripmarker ?? |??????= ?? ???? 1 ( ?????? )
^ "New Munir evidence handed over" . Jakarta Post . 15 ????? 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2007-09-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-04-15 .
^ Forbes? Mark (10 ?????? 2007). "Ex-Garuda chiefs charged over murder" . Sydney Morning Herald . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-05.
^ "Denied letter, activists to push to reopen Munir case" . Jakarta Post . 5 ????? 2012. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-09-06 .
^ "Judicial Commission tells Garuda to pay" . Jakarta Post . 20 ?????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-10-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-09-06 .
^ "Court summons Garuda over Munir death compensation" . Jakarta Post . 14 ????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-10-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-09-06 .
^ "Munir's murderer released on parole" . thejakartapost.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-05.
^ ^? ^? Osman? Nurfika (10 ?????? 2011). "WikiLeaks US Cables Point to BIN Role in Munir Murder" . Jakarta Globe . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-10-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-09-06 .
^ "As Indonesia's New President Takes Office, Cabinet Includes Officials Tied to Atrocities of Old" . Democracy Now . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-29 .
^ "Honorees" . Civil Courage Prize. 2010. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-06-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-05-26 .
^ Ayu Pitaloka? Dyah (9 ?????? 2013). "New Museum Brings Munir's Cases, Death To Public View" . Jakarta Globe . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-03-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-03-31 .
^ Hegarty? Stephanie (24 ???? 2011). "Indonesian human rights widow fights for justice" . BBC . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-07-05.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????
?? ?? ?? ???? - ????????? ???? ????? ????
??????? Dateline - ????? Garuda ???????
??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????
≪????: ????? ???????≫ ? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ? 10 ????? / ?????? 2004
?????? ???? - ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????
?? ??? ?????
????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????? - ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????!

[munirBBC-1] ? ^? Munir murder conviction quashed BBC News ???? ?????? 11 ?????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[2] Komisi Untuk Orang Hilang dan Tindak Kekerasan, Bunuh Munir!: Sebuah Buku Putih (2006) ...Munir, atau lengkapnya Munir bin Thalib dibesarkan dalam keluarga muslim keturunan Arab. Kakek moyangnya adalah imigran dari Hadhramaut (Yaman) yang ratusan...

[3] Ramadhan? Hamzah (10 ?????? 2014). "Munir Museum Brings Human Rights Issues to East Java" . Jakarta Globe . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-04-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-03-31 .

[auto-4] ? ^? Pitaloka? Dyah Ayu (6 ?????? 2014). "Remembering Munir ? Human Rights Defender, Brother, Husband, Father and Friend" . Jakarta Globe . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-09-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-09-07 .

[auto1-5] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? Tibke? Patrick (2 ?????? 2014). "Jokowi's Challenge ? Part 3: An end to impunity or same old injustices?" . Asian Correspondent . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-07-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-09-06 .

[6] "Rights campaigner Munir dies on plane" . The Jakarta Post . 8 ?????? 2004. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2004-11-16.

[auto2-7] ? ^? "Secretary Kerry's Trip to Indonesia Should Promote Human Rights". Targeted News Service . 4 ?????? 2013. ???????? 1439503188 . {{ ??????? ???? }}: templatestyles stripmarker ?? |??????= ?? ???? 1 ( ?????? )

[8] "New Munir evidence handed over" . Jakarta Post . 15 ????? 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2007-09-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-04-15 .

[9] Forbes? Mark (10 ?????? 2007). "Ex-Garuda chiefs charged over murder" . Sydney Morning Herald . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-05.

[10] "Denied letter, activists to push to reopen Munir case" . Jakarta Post . 5 ????? 2012. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-09-06 .

[11] "Judicial Commission tells Garuda to pay" . Jakarta Post . 20 ?????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-10-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-09-06 .

[12] "Court summons Garuda over Munir death compensation" . Jakarta Post . 14 ????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-10-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-09-06 .

[13] "Munir's murderer released on parole" . thejakartapost.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-05.

[auto3-14] ? ^? Osman? Nurfika (10 ?????? 2011). "WikiLeaks US Cables Point to BIN Role in Munir Murder" . Jakarta Globe . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-10-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-09-06 .

[15] "As Indonesia's New President Takes Office, Cabinet Includes Officials Tied to Atrocities of Old" . Democracy Now . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-29 .

[16] "Honorees" . Civil Courage Prize. 2010. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-06-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-05-26 .

[17] Ayu Pitaloka? Dyah (9 ?????? 2013). "New Museum Brings Munir's Cases, Death To Public View" . Jakarta Globe . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-03-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-03-31 .

[bbc20110524-18] Hegarty? Stephanie (24 ???? 2011). "Indonesian human rights widow fights for justice" . BBC . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-07-05.

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