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???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? . ??? ????? ???????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? (??? ??????? ???????? ) .

????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? . ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? 1920 ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? .

?? ??? 1999 ??? ???? 43 ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? 3000 ????? ????? ??? ???? 116 ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? . ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????.

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????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????????.

?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ^[1]

????? ??????? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Millen, Joyce and Timoth Holtz, "Dying for Growth, Part I, The Politics of Globalization, ed. Mark Kesselman, Hougton Mifflin, 2007
^ Saudi Arabia’s Economic Cities ? oecd. ???? ?????? 2017-07-21 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ????? "????? ?????" ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? 2016-04-25 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? 2016-08-22 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? 2016-08-27 ?? Wayback Machine

????? ????????

[1] Millen, Joyce and Timoth Holtz, "Dying for Growth, Part I, The Politics of Globalization, ed. Mark Kesselman, Hougton Mifflin, 2007

[2] Saudi Arabia’s Economic Cities ? oecd. ???? ?????? 2017-07-21 ?? Wayback Machine

[3] ????? "????? ?????" ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? 2016-04-25 ?? Wayback Machine

[4] ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? 2016-08-22 ?? Wayback Machine

[5] ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? 2016-08-27 ?? Wayback Machine

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

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