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- ^
A junior King of the Romans was normally chosen only when the senior ruler bore the title of Emperor. Only on one occasion (1147-1150) was there both a ruling King of the Romans (King
?????? ??????
) and a King of the Romans as heir (
Henry Berengar
). From the 16th century on, the senior ruler took the title of 'Emperor' from the time of his accession or succession;
King of the Romans
accordingly came to refer solely to the heir apparent.