?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??? 31 ?????? 1974? ^[1] ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? 22 ?32 ?? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? 1992? ?????????? ???????? ??? 29 ?????? ?? ????? 1999? . ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? 78 ???? 2003? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? 7 ?? ????? ??? 1992 ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????.

??? ????? ? ?? ?????? 7 ?? ??????? ??? 78 ???? 2003? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????.

??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????. ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????? 1975? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? (28 ????? 1999). ^[2] ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ????????????. ^[3]

---

^[1] ???? ?????? ??? 32 ?? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? 1992 ?????? ??? ??????? 1999 ?2003?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? 1 ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? (?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???????). ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? 31 ?????? 1974? ??? 1 ????? 1974? ?????? ??? 25 ????? ?? 1 ????? 1999?.
^[2] Circular 38a: International Copyright Relations of the United States (PDF) p. 5. United States Copyright Office (March 2009). Retrieved on 2010-03-04 .

^[3] ???? 17 U.S.C. § 104A