????? ??? ???

??????? ????

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??? ???????	??????????? ???????? [1] [2] [3]
????? ????????	1643

????? - ????? ????? - ????? ???? ??????

????????? ^[4] ?? ????? ????? ????? ^{[5] [6]} ( ??????????? : barometer )? ?????? ??? ????????? ^[6] ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? . ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????. ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????????.

????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? 1643 ?. ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? 76 ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? 76 ?? .

????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????. ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? 1,013 ??????? ??? ????? 760 ??? ?????.

???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????.

???? ???? ????? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????:

${\displaystyle p=\rho gh}$

???:

${\displaystyle p}$: ??? ?????? ??? ????.

${\displaystyle \rho }$: ????? ??????.

${\displaystyle h}$: ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????.

${\displaystyle g}$: ???? ???????? ???????.

???? 2 [ ??? ]

???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ΔP ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? P1 ????? ??? ????? ????? ?P2 ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ΔP = P1-P2 ? ?? ???? ?? ????? P ??? ????? ρgh ??? ρgh ?????? = (ρgh1 - ρgh2) ??? ??????? ρ ??? ?????? ?h1 ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ?h2 ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? : ρgh=ρgh1-ρgh2 ? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? (ρh=ρ(H1-H2

??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ????? ????? (Fortin barometer) ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????.

????? ??? [ ??? ]

????? ??? (Kew barometer) ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? - ???? ???? ??????- ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

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??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.