????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????
????
.
????? ?????
??
????
[1]
(???????????: CANDU reactor) ??
????? ????
????
?????? ??????????
????????
?????? ???????
????? ??????
????
. ??? ????
???????????
??????? (???
????
)
?????? ??????
. ?????? ????
????? ??? ???? ?????
.
???? CANDU ?? ?????? ????? ?????? CANada Deuterium Uranium reactor
??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? GE Canada
???????
[
???
]
??? ?????? ?????? ????
? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????.
???????
1
| ???? ??????
| 8
| ??? ????? ??????
|
2
| ??? ???????
| 9
| ????
????? ??????
|
3
| ????? ??????
| 10
| ????? ?????
|
4
| ???? ???
????? ??????
| 11
| ???? ????? ?????? ????????
|
5
| ???? ??????
| 12
| ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????
|
6
| ????? ??? ????
| 13
| ???? ???????
|
7
| ???? ????? ??????
|
?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???
????? ????? ???????
??? ?? ??? ????????. ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????
???? ???????
??????
?????? ?????????
. ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??
?????????? ??????
.
?????
????? ??????
???? ???? ???????
???????????
??? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????
??????????-235
?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????. ???? ?????
????? ????? ???????
?????
????? ????? ??????
?????????? ??????.
?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????
????? ????? ???????
???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????????
???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????. ?????
??????? ???????
??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????
????????
??????
????? ???????
.
??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????.
??????? ????? ??????
[
???
]
??
??????? ??????
?????
?????
??????????
??????
???????????
????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????. ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ???? (??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????) ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??
??????????-235
?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????.
?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???
??????? ????????
?? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????
?????? ??????
.
??????
??????????
??????? ?? ????? ????
?????
????? ???
??????????-238
????? ????? ??
??????????-235
???? 7?0 % ???. ????? ??????????-238 ???????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? 1
????? ??????? ????
MeV. ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????????-238 ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????????-235 ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????.
???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????-235 ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????. ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??
???? ????
??????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ≪??????????? ????????≫ thermal neutron ????? ≪??????? ???????≫ thermal reactor.
????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????
????
???
??????????
???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????????. ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??
???????????
.
???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????-235
235
U ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? '
?????? ??????
?? ??????? (?? ???? ??
???????
??? ????? ??
??????????-235
?? ???? 1 ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????? - ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? - ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????????-235).
????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????
???????? ????
? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????????-235 ??? ?? 3% ??? 5 %. (????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????
???????? ????
depleted uranium? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????????-235 ??? ??? 07?0 %). ????? ??? ?? 3% ??? 5 % ??
??????????-235
???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???
?????? ??????
.
?????
[
???
]
???? ????
[
???
]
?????? ?????? ???????
|
---|
???????
| |
---|
???? ?????? ?????
| |
---|
????? ?????????
| |
---|
????
| |
---|
?????? ??????
| |
---|
??? ?????
| |
---|
?????? ?????
| |
---|
??????? ?????
| |
---|