????? ?????
??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????
????? ????? ?????
??????? ????
??????? ?? 21 ?????? ? 20 ?????? 1916 ? ????? ?????   ?????? ????? ?   ????? 49°12′29″N 5°25′19″E  /  49.208055555556°N 5.4219444444444°E  / 49.208055555556; 5.4219444444444   ??????? ?????? ?????
??????????
?????	???????????? ?????????
??????
????? ????? ??????	???? ??? ????????? ??????
?????
1,140,000 ????	1,250,000 ????
????? ????? - ?????

???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? 21 ?????? ??? 18 ?????? ??? 1916 ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? . ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? (RFV, Region Fortifiee de Verdun ) ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? (???????) ???? ????? . ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 1915? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????. ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????.

??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? 21 ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????. ????? 6 ????? ?????? 20 ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? 29 ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? (???????) ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????.

?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????. ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??. ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????. ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? 4 ????????? (2 ???) ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????. ??? 23 ????? ??? 17 ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????.

?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??. ?????? ??????? 302 ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ?? ??? 2000? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? 377.231 ???? ???????? 337.000? ?? ?? ?????? 714.231 ????? ?????? 70.000 ?? ?????. ?? ??? 2014? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? 976.000 ???? ?? ??? 1916? ?1.250.000 ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????. ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????.

??????? [ ??? ]

???????? ???????????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? 1914? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ??? 1914 ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??? ????? ??? 1914 ???? 1915? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????. ^[1] ??? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 1916? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????. ????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???? ?????. ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? (????? ?????)? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????. ^[2]

?? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???. ?? ???? ?????? - ????? (?? 1 ???? ??? 19 ?????? ??? 1915)? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????. ???? ????? ???????? ??????? (????? ???? Herbstschlacht ) ?? 25 ?????? ??? 6 ?????? ??? 1915? ???? ????????? ?? ≪????? ??? ?????≫ ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????. ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????. ^[3]

?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?? ??????. ???? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??????. ?????? ??? ????????????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????-?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? Unternehmen Gericht (????? ?????). ^[4]

??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? 1914. ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????. ??? ???? ????? ??? 1914? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? 5 ????? ??? 1915? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? 54 ?????? ?????? ?128000 ???? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? 5000 ??? (11000 ???) ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? 21 ??????. ???? 18 ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? 300 ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? 1914? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? 1915 ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ^[5]

????? [ ??? ]

Neville Williams, "Chronology of the Modern World 1763-1965", Penguin Books, Great Britain, 1975.

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ?????

• ????? ???????
• ????? ???????????? ?????????
• ????? ????? ???????? ??????
• ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????
• ????? ??? 1910
• ????? ?????