????
????? ?????? ???????
(2-4 ????/???? 1943) ????
????? ???????? ???????
?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????
??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????
??? ?????
???????
???? ?????? ??? ????
????? ???????
? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????.
??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??????/????? ????? 1942? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ????? 6900 ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???. ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? 28 ??????/???? 1943? ???? ????
??????
?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????
????? ??????
.
??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???
????? ????????
???????? ??
??????
(FRUMEL)
???????? ???????
? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????/???? 1943. ????? ??????? ???????? ???? PT ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????/????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???. ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? (6900) ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? 1200 ????. ?? ????? ???????? ????????? 2700 ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???????.
????? ???????
[
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]
????? ???????
[
???
]
???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??
????? ??????
? ??? ??? ???? ??
???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????
?? ??????/????? ????? 1941. ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???
???????????
???? ??????
???????? ?? ??? ?????/?? 1942? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????/???? 1943. ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????. ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????-????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????.
[1]
[2]
??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??
????? ??? ??????
? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????.
[3]
???? ???????
[
???
]
????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????-???? ?? ??????/????? ????? ??? 1942? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? 20 ??????
??????
????? ?? ????? ???
???????????
? ??????? 41 ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????.
[4]
??? ?????? ?????? ????????- ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????- ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????/????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? 102 ?????? ???? ??? ?????
??????
???? ?????? -???? ?????? ???? ?????? 51- ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???
[5]
?????? ???????. ???? ???? ????
????? ???????????
?? ?????? ?? ?????/????? ??????
[6]
? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??
??? ??????
?????? ???????
? ?????? ????? ???????? 20 ?41 ??? ????.
[4]
? ?? ?????? ?? ?????/????? ?????? 1943? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???. ???? ???? ??????? ??
?????
? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? (USAAF)?
??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????(RAAF)
???? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????.
[7]
???? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????.
[8]
?????
??????????? ?? ?? ??? ????????
? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? Nichiryu Maru.
[9]
????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ????? B-25 ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? Myoko Maru? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????/????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???.
[10]
???? ???? ?????? 20 ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? 19 ?????/????? ?????? 1943. ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? 41 ?? 12 ??????/????.
[11]
??? ?????????
????? ????????
??????? ?????? - ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? 51 ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????/????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? 20 ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????/????.
[12]
??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? - ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????.
[13]
??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????
???? ??????? ????????
??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????
????? ????????
?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????.
[14]
????????? ???????
[
???
]
????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????. ?????
????? ?????
??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????/???? 1943. ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????. ??? 14 ?? ??????/????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? 79 ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? 45 ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????. ??? 16 ??????/????? ??? ?? ????
????? ???????
???????? ??
??????
(FRUMEL)
???????? ???????
?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????. ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????/????. ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? 12 ????/????. ??? 22 ??????/????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????.
[15]
??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? - ??????
?????? ??? ????
- ?? 25 ??????/????. ?? ???? 6900 ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????. ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? (ADVON) ?? ????? ???????.
[16]
???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????.
[17]
??? ??? ??? ????? RAAF? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? 9 ?????? ???????? ??????? RAAF? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.
[18]
???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????.
[16]
????? ???? ????? ???
????? ??????
?? 26 ??????/????? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ???
??????
?? 28 ??????/????.
[19]
??????? ???????
[
???
]
??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????.
[20]
?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????.
[21]
???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????/????? ?????? ????? ???????
[22]
??? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????. ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? RAAF ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ????.
[23]
???
??????
???? ????? ≪????≫ ?? ?????? ??
????????? ?????????
? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????????
?????? A-20 ?????
?? ???? ????? ?????
??????
.50 ???? (12.7 ??) ??? ??????? ?? ??????/????? 1942.
[24]
????? ????? 450-US-????? (1,700 ???? 370 ????? ???) ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????. ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????/????? ????? 1942 ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ≪????? ??????≫
[25]
[26]
? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????. ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???????.
[27]
????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????.
[28]
???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? B-25.
[29]
?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????. ??? ??????/???? 1942? ???? RAAF ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????.
[30]
????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????.
[16]
???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? 200 ??? 500 ??? (61-150 ?)? ????? ????? 265-275 ??? ?? ?????? (426-443 ?? / ????)? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? 10 ??? 15 ??? (3,0-4,6 ?) ??? ??? 600 ??? (550 ?) ?? ?????. ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? 300 ??? (270 ?)? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????.
[31]
??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????.
[32]
??????? ????? ???????? ?? SS Pruth? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 1923.
[33]
??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????
????? ??-17 ?????? ???????
. ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????? B-24 ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????????: ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? B-25 ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? B-26 ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????.
[34]
??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????
A-20 ?????
?B-25 ?????.
[34]
??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? RAAF. ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????.
[35]
????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? RAAF ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????? RAAF ?? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? RAAF ??? 30? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????/????? 1942? ?????? ???????? Beaufighter. ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????.
[36]
????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? P-400?
??????? ???-40 ??????
? ??????? ??????
?????? P-38 ??????
. ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????.
[34]
???????
[
???
]
??????? ??????
[
???
]
????? ??????? ?????????-???? ??? ??????
??????
?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????
????? ??????
-?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? 28 ??????/????.
[37]
????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????????.
[38]
????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ≪??????? 81.≫
[39]
???? ???????? ????958 ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? 5954 ??????. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???. ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? Tokitsukaze? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? Yukikaze.
[37]
??? ???? ???????-?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????- ???? ??? ??? ??????? Shirayuki. ????? ????? ?????? ???????? Arashio ?Asashio ?Asagumo ?Shikinami ?Uranami.????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? (2716 ??) Aiyo Maru? ? (950 ??) Kembu Maru? ? (5493 ??) Kyokusei Maru? ? (6494 ??) Oigawa Maru? ? (3793 ??)Sin-ai Maru? ? (2883 ??) Taimei Maru? ? (6870 ??) Teiyo Maru. ???? ????? ?????? ??????? (8,125 ??) Nojima ?? ??????? ??????? ???????.
[40]
[41]
???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? Kembu Maru? ???? ???? 1000 ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????.
[42]
???? ??????? ???? ????? 7
????
(8.1 ???? ?? ??????? 13 ?? / ????)
[43]
? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????
??????? ??????????
?????
??? ??????
????? ??????
?? ?? ??? 27 ??????/???? ?1 ????/????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????/????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? B-24 ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ???????? ????? ?????? B-17 ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????.
[44]
??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????/????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????
RAAF A-20 Bostons
??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? B-17 ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????.
[45]
????? ??????? ???????? ?????? 1000 ??? (450 ???) ?? ???????? ???? ????? 5,000 ??? (1,500 ?). ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????. ???? Kyokusei Maru ??? ???? 1200 ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? Teiyo Maru ?Nojima.
[39]
[46]
?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????.
[47]
?????? ????????? Yukikaze ?Asagumo ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? Kyokusei Maru ?? ?????. ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???.
[46]
????? ???????-?? ??? ????? ?????? ????????-????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????/???? ???? ???? ??? ????? B-17? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????. ?????? ?????? ????
??????? ???????
PBY ???????? ?? ??? RAAF ??? 11 ???? ??????? ??? ???????.
[45]
??????? ??????
[
???
]
?? ?????? ?? ????/????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????
?????? ??????
??????? ?????? ?? ??? RAAF ??? 100. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???. ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? A- 20 Bostons ?? ??? RAAF ??? 22 ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????. ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????.
[48]
[49]
??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? 13 ????? B-17 ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? 7000 ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ???? ???????? B-17 ????? ?? ?????????
????????? A6M Zero
? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? P-38 ?????. ?????? ????? B-17 ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? B-17 ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????.
[48]
?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? B-17.
[22]
???? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? 15 ????? Zero? ????? ??? ???? ???????? B-17 ????? ???? ?????.
[48]
[49]
???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????.
[49]
???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? B-25 ?????? ????? ??? 500 ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? 3000 ??? 6000 ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? B-17 ? B-25 ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????.
[22]
?????? 13 ????? Beaufighter ?? ??? RAAF ??? 30 ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? Beaufort ???? ????? ????. ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? Beaufighters ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? 20 ??? (0.79 ????) ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? 0,303 ???? (7.70 ???) ?????? ??? ??????.
[48]
???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ? ???????? Beaufighters? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????.
[50]
???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? B-25 ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? 750 ??? (2,460 ???)? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? 405 ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????.
[48]
[49]
???? Shirayuki ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????????. ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ???? ??????? Shirayuki ??? ??????? Shikinami. ??? ?????? ??????? Tokitsukaze ?????? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ?????? ??? Yukikaze . ?????? ???? ??????? Arashio ??????? ?? ????? ?????? Nojima? ??? ???? ?? ???????. ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? Nojima ??? ???? ????.
[51]
???? 14 ????? B-25 ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? 17 ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ?? ??????? ?????? Beaufighters ?B-25 ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? A-20 Havocs ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? B-17 ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????. ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? B-25? ?Bostons ?? ??? RAAF ??? 22.
[52]
??? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? B-25? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???:
??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????. ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????.
[53]
????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? 100 ?? (54 NMI? 62 ???) ???? ??? Finschhafen? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? Shirayuki? Tokitsukaze ?Arashio. ?????? ???? ??????- Shikinami? ? Yukikaze? ? Uranami? ? Asagumo- ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? Hatsuyuki ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????????.
[51]
??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? PT ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????/????. ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? Oigawa Maru. ????? PT-143 ? PT-150 ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????. ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? Asashio ???? ???????? ??????? ?? Arashio? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? B-17 ????? ??? 500 ??? (230 ???).
[54]
???? ???????? ????? 2700 ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????/????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????????.
[51]
??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????/????? ????? ???????? ?????? PT ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????
[55]
????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? B-17.
[22]
?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???.
[56]
??? ?????? ?? ????/????? ?????? ???????? ????????? I-17 ?I-26 ???? ?????? ????. ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? I-26 54 ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???.
[51]
?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ?? 18 ??? ??? Kiriwina? ??? ?????? PT-114. ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????.
[57]
??? ?????? ?? ????/????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????/????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? "??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????. ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????.
[22]
???? ????? Goodenough? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????/???? 1943. ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????. ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????. ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???. ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????.
[58]
[59]
????? ???????
[
???
]
???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????. . ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? (6900) ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? 1200 ????. ?? ????? ???????? ????????? 2700 ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????.
[60]
????? ????? 2890 ???????? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? 13?? ???? ????????? ???? ???? 10 ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????. ???? ??????? ????? ????? B-17 ????? ?????? P-38 ????? ??????? ??? ?????? B-25 ?Beaufighter ????? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????/????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? 12792 ??????.
[61]
??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? 1943? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? 16 ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? SWPA ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????.
[62]
???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????.
[63]
??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????233847 ???? ?????? ?????? 261 ????? ??? 500 ??? ?253 ??? ???. ????? ?????? 19 ???? ?42 ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? 59 ???? ?39 ????? ????? ?? ?????. ???? 48 ?? 35 ??????? ?? 137 ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? 387 ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? 29 ?? 7,5 ???????.
[64]
????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????/?? ???????/????? 1942? ????? ????? 3 ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????.
[65]
??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? Beaufighter ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????????.
[22]
???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????.
[64]
???? ?????????? ?? 29 ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????.
[66]
???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????/????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????.
[22]
???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???.
[67]
????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????????????. ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????/????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.
[68]
?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????.
[69]
???? ???? ????? ????? Masatake Okumiya ?? ???????: ≪???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????. ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????.≫
[53]
?? ????? ???? ?????? 20 ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????.
[69]
????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????/????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????/????. ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? P-40 ?? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????.
[70]
???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????/????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????. ????? ????? ?????? 20 ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????.
[70]
??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????/????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? Finschhafen? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? Finschhafen? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? Finschhafen? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????. ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? 51 ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????/????.
[70]
????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? 20000 ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????.
[71]
??? ?????/?????? ??????
????????
???????? ????????
??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? I-Go? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????.
[72]
?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? Yamamoto ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????.
[73]
????? ???????
[
???
]
?? ??? 1954? ??? O. G. ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? (Journal of the Operations Research Society of America)? ??? ?????????
????? ???????
?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????.
[74]
???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????
??????? ???
.
[75]
?????
[
???
]
- ^
^ Murray & Millett 2001, p. 196
- ^
^ Hayashi 1959, pp. 64?66
- ^
^ Morison 1958, p. 12
- ^
?
?
^ Jump up to: a b c Tanaka 1980, p. 48
- ^
^ Willoughby 1966, pp. 188?190
- ^
^ Willoughby 1966, p. 193
- ^
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Spinetta, Lawrence (November 2007). "Battle of the Bismarck Sea". World War II. ISSN 0898-4204. Retrieved 2 August 2013
- ^
^ Watson 1950, p. 136
- ^
^ Gillison 1962, pp. 674?675
- ^
^ Willoughby 1966, pp. 190?193
- ^
Tanaka 1980, p. 48
- ^
Tanaka 1980, p. 49
- ^
Drea 1992, p. 67
- ^
Hata, Izawa & Shores 2011, pp. 49?50
- ^
Drea 1992, pp. 68?69
- ^
?
?
?
Kreis 1996, p. 265
- ^
Watson 1950a, p. 99
- ^
Odgers 1957, pp. 23?24
- ^
Kenney 1949, pp. 198?201
- ^
Rodman 2005, p. 14
- ^
Rodman 2005, p. 24
- ^
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Spinetta, Lawrence (November 2007). "Battle of the Bismarck Sea". World War II. ISSN 0898-4204. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
- ^
McAulay 1991, pp. 19?20
- ^
Kenney 1949, pp. 76?77
- ^
Kenney 1949, p. 144
- ^
Rodman 2005, pp. 40?42
- ^
Kenney 1949, pp. 161?162
- ^
Rodman 2005, pp. 43?44
- ^
McAulay 2008, p. 90
- ^
Griffith 1998, p. 82.
- ^
Rodman 2005, p. 68
- ^
Rodman 2005, p. 41
- ^
McAulay 1991, p. 20
- ^
?
?
?
Watson 1946, pp. 6?8
- ^
McAulay 1991, pp. 26?27
- ^
Gillison 1962, pp. 139?140, 631?633
- ^
?
?
Morison 1950, p. 55
- ^
Yoshihara 1955
- ^
?
?
Gamble 2010, p. 303
- ^
Gillison 1962, p. 696
- ^
McAulay 1991, pp. 178?179
- ^
McAulay 1991, p. 39
- ^
Morison 1950, p. 56
- ^
Watson 1950, p. 142
- ^
?
?
Gillison 1962, p. 691
- ^
?
?
Morison 1950, p. 58
- ^
Gamble 2010, p. 313
- ^
?
?
?
?
?
Gillison 1962, pp. 692?693
- ^
?
?
?
?
Watson 1950, pp. 144?145
- ^
McAulay 1991, pp. 64?65
- ^
?
?
?
?
Gillison 1962, p. 697
- ^
Gillison 1962, pp. 693?694
- ^
?
?
Bergerud 2000, p. 592
- ^
Morison 1950, p. 61
- ^
Gillison 1962, pp. 694?695
- ^
Johnston 2011, p. 276
- ^
Morison 1950, p. 62
- ^
Dexter 1961, p. 10
- ^
Drea 1992, pp. 73?74
- ^
Tanaka 1980, p. 50
- ^
Gillison 1962, p. 695
- ^
Watson 1950, pp. 147?148
- ^
Kenney 1949, pp. 205?206
- ^
?
?
Rodman 2005, pp. 69?71
- ^
McAulay 2008, p. 240
- ^
Hata, Izawa & Shores 2011, p. 49
- ^
Morison 1950, pp. 62?63
- ^
Drea 1992, p. 72
- ^
?
?
Tanaka 1980, pp. 50?53
- ^
?
?
?
Watson 1950, p. 159
- ^
Bergerud 2000, pp. 592, 598
- ^
Morison 1950, p. 117
- ^
Morison 1950, pp. 127?129
- ^
Haywood 1954, pp. 366?371
- ^
Peters 2008, p. 3
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