?????? ??????
(
????????
: ????????-??????????) ??
?????
?????? ??? ??
??????? ????????
??
???????
. ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??
?????? ????????
???
???????
??????
? ?20 ????????? ???
??????
? ?20 ????????? ???
???
? ?15 ????????? ????
???????
. ???? ??????? ??
?????? ??????
.
????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 1963 ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 1995. ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? 2018. ?? ??? 2015 ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? 21,200
????
? ??? ??? ??????
??????
.
[2]
??? ??? 2021? ??? ??????? ??????? 22,315 ???? ???
????? ??????? ????????
.
[3]
???? ??????? ??? 9.22??². ????? ????? ???????? 521 ??? ???
????? ??? ?????
.
????? ???????
[
???
]
??????
[
???
]
????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????. ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????:
??
????? ≪???≫ ??
?????
?
????
?? ≪
???
≫ ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????: ≪??? ?????≫.
[4]
???? ???? ?????? ???
???? ????
??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
??????? ??????
? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????: ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????.
[4]
[5]
?? ??? 1931 ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???
????? ??????
????????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
[5]
??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??
???
? ???? ????? 27 ?? ????. ???? ????? 500 ???? ????? ??????? ??? 279
??????
.
[?????? 1]
???? ????? ?????
?????
?? ?????? ??
??????
?? ?????. ??? ?? ?????? ??? 1922 1,880 ????.
??? ??? 1931 ????? 2,522 ????? ???? 1,275 ????? ?1,247 ???? ?????? ??? ???:
?????
?????
|
♂ ????
|
♀ ????
|
???????
|
| ? ??????
|
1,034 ????
|
1,013 ????
|
2,047 ????
|
| † ???????
|
241 ????
|
234 ????
|
475 ????
|
| ???????
|
1,275 ????
|
1,247 ????
|
2,522 ????
|
| ???????: ??? ??????? ??? 1931
|
???? 584 ?????. ??? ??? 1945 ????? 3,830 ?????.
[4]
??? ???? ??
???? ??????? ??????
?? ???:
| ”
|
??? ??? ???
???? ???
??????. ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??
???
. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????
??????
. ???????? ??????? ?????
????????
. ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??? 3,000 ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????. ???? ??? ??????.
[6]
|
“
|
??? ??????? ?????? ??
????????
?? 9 ?????? 1936 ????? ??? 60 ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? - ??????? ???? ????? ??? 29 ?????? ???? 4? ???? ?? ????? 3 ???? 4. ??? ????? ??????? - ???????? ??? 1948 ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? 8 ?????? 1948 641 ????. ??? 31 ?????? 1949 ??? ???? 639 ????. ??? ??? 1961 ????? 1,150 ????.
[4]
??????
[
???
]
????? ?????? ?? ??? 1957 ????? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??
???????
??????
??????
???????
. ?? 16 ???? 1963 ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ??? 21 ?????? 1995 ????? ?????? ??????
?????
??????.
??????
[
???
]
???
?????? ??????? ???????
???????? ?? ?????? 2015? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? 21,227 ????.
[2]
????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? 6.6%. ??????
?????? ??????? ???????
?? ?????? 2014? ????? ??????? ??????? 5 ?? ??? 10 ?? ??????? ????????? ??????????. ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????
????? ???????
?? ????? ????????? (
2013
-
2014
) 80.8%. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 2013 8,482
???? ????
(?????? ??????:8,247
???? ????
). ??? ??? 2021? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? 72.6%.
[3]
?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????
??????
???? ???? 68.4%?
?????? ?????????
9.7%?
?????? ????????
9.6%?
???????
0.3%. ??? ??? 2021? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? 77.7% ?????? 22.3%.
[3]
??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? 11,165 ??????? 11,150.
???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????:
??????? ????????
[
???
]
???? ??????.
?? ??? 1875? ??? ???? ??????
?????? ??????
??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????
??? ???? ????
? (????
???
?? ??? ?????). ??? ??? 1993? ????
????? ???????
??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ≪??? ???
?????? ????????
????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???:
??????
?
??????
?
????
???? ???????
????????
≫.
????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????.
??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????
????? ???????
? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????.
??
?????
2008? ??????? ?????? ??????
????? ??????? ???????????
. ???? ??? 1991 ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ≪????? ?? ??????≫? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? 10 ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??
???????
?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????.
?? ??? 2009? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ≪???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????≫.
???????
[
???
]
???? ????? ?????? ??????.
?? 16 ???? 1963? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????. ??? 21 ?????? 1995? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????
?????
.
???????
[
???
]
???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? 4 ?????? 2018.
????? ?????? ??????
|
?????
|
??????
|
| 1.
|
????? ????
|
1963 - 1966
|
| 2.
|
???? ??????
|
1966 - 1969
|
| 3.
|
????? ?????
|
1969 - 1971
|
| 4.
|
???? ?? ?????
|
1971 - 1976
|
| 5.
|
????? ??????
|
1976 - 2018
|
| 6.
|
?????? ?????????
|
2018 - ????...
|
????? ?????
[
???
]
??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???:
???????
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]
?????
[
???
]
|
|---|
| ?????
| | |
|---|
| ??????? ???????
| |
|---|
| ??????? ?????????
| |
|---|