?????? ?????

?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? (????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ) ?? ????? ?????? ????????.

????? ??? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ^[1] ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????. ^[2] ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ^[3] ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ^[4] ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????????? ^[5]

?? ???? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ^[6] ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ≪????≫ (?????) ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ≪?????≫ (????????) ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? (?????) ???? ??????? ???? ^[7] ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? 280 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ^[7] ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ^[7] ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ^[8] ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ≪???????≫ ? ≪?????≫ ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ^[9]^[10]^[11] ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????. ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ^[12] ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????:≪??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????≫ ^[13]^[14]

≪??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ?? ????:??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????" ??????: ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????≫

??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? 527 ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ^[15]

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????: ≪??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????≫? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????: ^[16]

?? ?????? ??? ???? ????.
??? ?????? ?? ?????.
?? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??.

???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? (????? ?????? ??????) ^[17] ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? (897?911) ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ^[18] ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ^[19]

????? [ ??? ]

^ ??????? ????????? ????? ??????, ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????
^ ?????? ??????? ???? ????, ??? ??? ????? ?????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????
^ Simon's letter is part of Part III of The Chronicle of Zuqnin , translated by Amir Harrack (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1999), pp. 78-84.
^ J. Ryckmans, "South Arabia, Religion Of", in D. N. Freedman (Editor-in-Chief), The Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1992, Volume 6, Doubleday: New York, pp. 174-175; J. Ryckmans, "The Old South Arabian Religion", in W. Daum (Ed.), Yemen: 3000 Years Of Art And Civilization In Arabia Felix, 1987?, op. cit., p. 110; A. Sima, "Religion" in St. J. Simpson (Ed.), Queen Of Sheba: Treasures From Ancient Yemen, 2002, The British Museum Press: London, p. 165; A. F. L. Beeston, "The Religions Of Pre-Islamic Yemen" in J. Chelhod (Ed.), L'Arabie Du Sud Histoire Et Civilisation (Le Peuple Yemenite Et Ses Racines), 1984, Volume I, Islam D'Hier Et D'Aujourd'Hui: 21, Editions G. -P. Maisonneuve et Larose: Paris, pp. 267-268.
^ A. Jamme, La Dynastie De Sharahbi'll Yakuf Et La Documentation Epigraphique Sud-Arabe, Istanbul, 1961, P.4
^ "????? ?????"? ?????? (1/957)
^ ^? ^? ^? Ryckmans 508
^ ???? ??????
^ Vincent J O'Malley, C.M. (2001). Saints of Africa. Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. pp. p.142. ISBN 0-87973-373-X
^ Overview on Kitchen 1994 (see bibliography).
^ translation in The Chronicle of Zuqnin. Translated from Syriac with notes and introduction by Amir Harrak (= Mediaeval Sources in Translation. 36). Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto, 1999? pp. 78-84. Volume III, page 78-84
^ Axel Moberg : The Book of the Himyarites. Fragments of a hitherto unknown Syriac work. Gleerup, Lund 1924
^ Holtzclaw 1980, p. 120"Najran, in Yemen, was the scene, in 523, of a massacre of Ethiopians and other Christians by Jews and Arabs. A leader among the victims was the chief of the Banu Harith, St. Aretas
^ Harvey, Susan Ashbrook; Brock, Sebastian P. (1998). Harvey, Susan Ashbrook; Brock, Sebastian P.. eds. Holy women of the Syrian Orient. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21366-1
^ J. Ryckmans, "The Old South Arabian Religion", in W. Daum (Ed.), Yemen: 3000 Years Of Art And Civilization In Arabia Felix, 1987?, op. cit., p. 110; J. Ryckmans, "South Arabia, Religion Of", in D. N. Freedman (Editor-in-Chief), The Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1992, Volume 6, op. cit., pp. 174-175;
^ ?????? ?? ??????? ≫ ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ≫ ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????
^ Goddard, Hugh (2000). A history of Christian-Muslim relations. New Amsterdam Books. ISBN 978-1-56663-340-6 .
^ Dobson, Richard Barrie (2000). Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages: A-J. Editions du Cerf. ISBN 978-0-227-67931-9 .
^ Grabar, Oleg; Brown, Peter Robert Lamont; Bowersock, Glen Warren (1999). Grabar, Oleg; Brown, Peter Robert Lamont; Bowersock, Glen Warren. eds. Late antiquity: a guide to the postclassical world. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-51173-6

???? ????? [ ??? ]

[1] ??????? ????????? ????? ??????, ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????

[2] ?????? ??????? ???? ????, ??? ??? ????? ?????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????

[3] Simon's letter is part of Part III of The Chronicle of Zuqnin , translated by Amir Harrack (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1999), pp. 78-84.

[4] J. Ryckmans, "South Arabia, Religion Of", in D. N. Freedman (Editor-in-Chief), The Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1992, Volume 6, Doubleday: New York, pp. 174-175; J. Ryckmans, "The Old South Arabian Religion", in W. Daum (Ed.), Yemen: 3000 Years Of Art And Civilization In Arabia Felix, 1987?, op. cit., p. 110; A. Sima, "Religion" in St. J. Simpson (Ed.), Queen Of Sheba: Treasures From Ancient Yemen, 2002, The British Museum Press: London, p. 165; A. F. L. Beeston, "The Religions Of Pre-Islamic Yemen" in J. Chelhod (Ed.), L'Arabie Du Sud Histoire Et Civilisation (Le Peuple Yemenite Et Ses Racines), 1984, Volume I, Islam D'Hier Et D'Aujourd'Hui: 21, Editions G. -P. Maisonneuve et Larose: Paris, pp. 267-268.

[5] A. Jamme, La Dynastie De Sharahbi'll Yakuf Et La Documentation Epigraphique Sud-Arabe, Istanbul, 1961, P.4

[6] "????? ?????"? ?????? (1/957)

[abc1-7] ? ^? ^? Ryckmans 508

[8] ???? ??????

[9] Vincent J O'Malley, C.M. (2001). Saints of Africa. Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. pp. p.142. ISBN 0-87973-373-X

[10] Overview on Kitchen 1994 (see bibliography).

[11] translation in The Chronicle of Zuqnin. Translated from Syriac with notes and introduction by Amir Harrak (= Mediaeval Sources in Translation. 36). Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto, 1999? pp. 78-84. Volume III, page 78-84

[12] Axel Moberg : The Book of the Himyarites. Fragments of a hitherto unknown Syriac work. Gleerup, Lund 1924

[13] Holtzclaw 1980, p. 120"Najran, in Yemen, was the scene, in 523, of a massacre of Ethiopians and other Christians by Jews and Arabs. A leader among the victims was the chief of the Banu Harith, St. Aretas

[14] Harvey, Susan Ashbrook; Brock, Sebastian P. (1998). Harvey, Susan Ashbrook; Brock, Sebastian P.. eds. Holy women of the Syrian Orient. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21366-1

[15] J. Ryckmans, "The Old South Arabian Religion", in W. Daum (Ed.), Yemen: 3000 Years Of Art And Civilization In Arabia Felix, 1987?, op. cit., p. 110; J. Ryckmans, "South Arabia, Religion Of", in D. N. Freedman (Editor-in-Chief), The Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1992, Volume 6, op. cit., pp. 174-175;

[16] ?????? ?? ??????? ≫ ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ≫ ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????

[17] Goddard, Hugh (2000). A history of Christian-Muslim relations. New Amsterdam Books. ISBN 978-1-56663-340-6 .

[18] Dobson, Richard Barrie (2000). Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages: A-J. Editions du Cerf. ISBN 978-0-227-67931-9 .

[19] Grabar, Oleg; Brown, Peter Robert Lamont; Bowersock, Glen Warren (1999). Grabar, Oleg; Brown, Peter Robert Lamont; Bowersock, Glen Warren. eds. Late antiquity: a guide to the postclassical world. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-51173-6

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