???? (?????)

????
(????????) ???? (???????????) Marda
	???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? 2011
????? ?????
?????	?????? .
????????	?????? ?????
?????????
???? ?????? ??????	???? ???
????? ???????
????????	32°06′51″N 35°12′17″E / 32.1142344°N 35.2046058°E
???????	9,000 ???? ??²
????????	430 ??? ?? ??? ?????
??????
??????? ???????	2,375 ???? (????? 2017)
??????? ????
???????	EET (+????? ??? ?????? +2 ??????? )
??????? ??????	+3 ???????
????? ???????	393
????? ???????	+970
	????? ????? - ?????

??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? . ???? ??? ?????? ????? 2,375 ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? 2017. ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? . ^[1]^[2]

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? (????)? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? (?????) ???? ??? ????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????:≪???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????≫.

????? ???? ???????: ≪??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???≫? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???????. ???? ????? ??? ???? (????????) ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????. ^[3]

??????? ?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????. ^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????. ^[8]

?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????????. ^[9] ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????/???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????. ^[10]

????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??? 1517 ?? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????. ?? ??? 1596 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? 33,3? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ^[11] ?? ??? 1838 ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ^[12] ??? 1882? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ≪???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????????≫. ^[13]

???????? ????????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 1917? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? 1920? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? .

???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? 1922? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? 290 ???? ?????? ??????? ^[14] ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? 256 ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 1931. ^[15] ??? ?? ????? ??? 1945? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? 470 ???? ?????? ??????. ^[16]

???? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? 1947 ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? "UNSCOP" ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????.

???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? . ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????.????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ^[17]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? 1948 ?1967 ? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? 852 ???? ??? 1961? ^[18] ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? .

?????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? .

?????? ?????????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????: ????? ??? ????? 15.8% ???? ???? ??????? ≪?≫? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ≪?≫. ^[2] ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????.

????????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? 5 ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? - ???? ??????. ???? ??????? ????? 9000 ????. ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? . ^[2]

?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????. ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? 2,375 ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? 2017 ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? . ^[1]

**?????? ?????? ????? ????** ????
?????	(1922) ^[14]	(1931) ^[15]	(1945) ^[16]	(1961) ^[18]	(????? 1997) ^[19]	(????? 2007) ^[20]	(????? 2012) ^[20]	(2017) ^[1]
??? ??????	155	218	310	444	1,609	1,971	2,211	2,375

?????? ???? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????.

?????? ???? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????.

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????. ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????.

????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????: ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????.

???????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????. ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????.

?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ????.

????????? [ ??? ]

??? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? 505 ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????. ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? 505. ^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24]

?????????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ???????? 29% ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? ? ?????? . ^[22]

?????? ?????? 5 [ ??? ]

????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? 505 ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? - ???? . ^[23]^[24]

?????? ??? ??? [ ??? ]

??????
?????

????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? ^? ??????? ????? ?????? 2017 - ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? 2018-08-28 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ^? ^? ^? ??? ???? ???? - ???? ??????? ????????? (????)
^ ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????
^ Ellenblum, 2003, p. 244 ???? ?????? 2018-08-23 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Talmon-Heller, 1994, pp. 110-111 ???? ?????? 2020-05-31 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Talmon-Heller, 2002, pp. 131, 141 ???? ?????? 2020-05-31 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Drory, 1988, p. 97
^ Moudjir ed-dyn, 1876, p. 281 ; cited in Finkelstein, 1997, p. 482 ???? ?????? 2016-08-12 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Ellenblum, 2003, p. 263 ???? ?????? 2014-07-14 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Finkelsten, 1997, pp. 481-2
^ Hutteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 131
^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 127 ???? ?????? 2017-10-19 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 286 ???? ?????? 2016-10-28 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ^? ^? Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Nablus, p. 25 ???? ?????? 2017-10-20 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ^? ^? Mills, 1932, p. 63
^ ^? ^? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? 1945? ???? 19 ???? ?????? 2018-09-06 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Tom Segev: Palestine, Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate (2001)
^ ^? ^? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? 1964? ???? 26 ???? ?????? 2018-09-06 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ??????? ????? ?????? 1997 - ????? ?????- ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? 2015-11-14 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ^? ^? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? 2007-2016 ???? ?????? 2018-08-31 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????" . ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? - ??? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-08-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-08-25 .
^ ^? ^? ????????, ???? ??? ????. "????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? 2017" . ???? ??? ???? ???????? (?ar-AR). Archived from the original on 2019-12-08 . Retrieved 2018-08-25 . {{ ??????? ???? }}: ????? ?????????: ??? ??? ?????? ( link )
^ ^? ^? Mosab Khatib (21 ????? 2010)? ???? ???? ????? / ???? ?????? / ???? ????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-17 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2018-08-25
^ ^? ^? "????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? POICA" . poica.org (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2018-10-02 . Retrieved 2018-08-25 .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????

[مولد_تلقائيا342-1] ? ^? ^? ??????? ????? ?????? 2017 - ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? 2018-08-28 ?? Wayback Machine

[:0-2] ? ^? ^? ??? ???? ???? - ???? ??????? ????????? (????)

[3] ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????

[4] Ellenblum, 2003, p. 244 ???? ?????? 2018-08-23 ?? Wayback Machine

[5] Talmon-Heller, 1994, pp. 110-111 ???? ?????? 2020-05-31 ?? Wayback Machine

[6] Talmon-Heller, 2002, pp. 131, 141 ???? ?????? 2020-05-31 ?? Wayback Machine

[7] Drory, 1988, p. 97

[8] Moudjir ed-dyn, 1876, p. 281 ; cited in Finkelstein, 1997, p. 482 ???? ?????? 2016-08-12 ?? Wayback Machine

[9] Ellenblum, 2003, p. 263 ???? ?????? 2014-07-14 ?? Wayback Machine

[مولد_تلقائيا1-10] Finkelsten, 1997, pp. 481-2

[11] Hutteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 131

[12] Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 127 ???? ?????? 2017-10-19 ?? Wayback Machine

[13] Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 286 ???? ?????? 2016-10-28 ?? Wayback Machine

[:1-14] ? ^? Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Nablus, p. 25 ???? ?????? 2017-10-20 ?? Wayback Machine

[:2-15] ? ^? Mills, 1932, p. 63

[:322-16] ? ^? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? 1945? ???? 19 ???? ?????? 2018-09-06 ?? Wayback Machine

[17] Tom Segev: Palestine, Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate (2001)

[:4-18] ? ^? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? 1964? ???? 26 ???? ?????? 2018-09-06 ?? Wayback Machine

[19] ??????? ????? ?????? 1997 - ????? ?????- ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? 2015-11-14 ?? Wayback Machine

[:5-20] ? ^? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? 2007-2016 ???? ?????? 2018-08-31 ?? Wayback Machine

[21] "???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????" . ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? - ??? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-08-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-08-25 .

[:6-22] ? ^? ????????, ???? ??? ????. "????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? 2017" . ???? ??? ???? ???????? (?ar-AR). Archived from the original on 2019-12-08 . Retrieved 2018-08-25 . {{ ??????? ???? }}: ????? ?????????: ??? ??? ?????? ( link )

[:3-23] ? ^? Mosab Khatib (21 ????? 2010)? ???? ???? ????? / ???? ?????? / ???? ????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-17 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2018-08-25

[:7-24] ? ^? "????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? POICA" . poica.org (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2018-10-02 . Retrieved 2018-08-25 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

? ? ? ?????? ?????
???	????? ( ???? ???? ??? )
????? ?????	???? ?????? ??? ????? ( ???? ???? ???? ) ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ( ????: ???? ????) ??? ???? ( ????: ???? ??? ????)
????? ?????	?????? ???? ( ????: ???? ??? ???) ????? ???? ( ????: ???? ??? ???) ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????

? ? ? ????? ????? ?????? ?????
??? ?????	?? ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ????? ? ???? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ????? ? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???? ? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? ? ??? ?????
?????? ?????	???? ????? ?? ????? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ???? ?????
?????? ??????	????? ???? ???? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??????
????? ?????	???? ????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ? ???? ??? ????? ???????