??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ?????? ????? ???? ??????? .

???? ????? ???????
??????? ?????
???????	9 ???? 1881 ( 1881-03-09 ) ???????
??????	22 ????? 1945 (64 ???) ??????????
?????
??? ?????? (33 )
?? ?????? 1928  ? 1929
???? ??? ????? ????????   ???? ??????? ????????
??? ?????? (35 )
?? ?????? 1935  ? 1945
???? ??????? ????????   ????? ??? ??????
?????? ???????
??????? ????	????? ??????
??????	???? ????
????? ?????	???? ???????
????? ????? - ?????

???? ????? ??????? ( 1881 - 1945 ) ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? 1928 ??? ???????? ?? 1930 ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? 1935 ???? ????? ?? ???? 14 ????? 1364 ?? ??????? 22 ????? 1945 .

????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ??? . ??? ?? 7 ???? ????? ??? 1298 ?? ??????? ?9 ???? ??? 1881? . ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????.

???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????.

????? ?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????.

????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????.

???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????.

??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? 1322?? ??????? 26 ?? ???? ??? 1904? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??: ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??.

??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? .

?? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????.

???? ??????? ????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????.

??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????.

??? ??? 1907? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???.

???? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? (???? ???? ???? ???? ?????) ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????: ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????: ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????.

??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 1325?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? 1907? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????.

??? ??? 1908? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????: ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????: ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????:

?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? (?????? ??????) ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? 4 ?? ??? ??? 1326?? ??????? 1 ?? ????? ??? 1908?. ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????.

???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????.

?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? (??????) ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????.

???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???.

????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1908? ??? ??? 1919?.

????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????????.

???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? . ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????: ≪??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????≫ ??? ????? ?????: ≪??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????≫.

?????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???:

• ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? (?????) ?? 9 ?? ?????? ??? 1919?.
• ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? 21 ?? ????? ??? 1920?.
• ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? 27 ?? ????? ??? 1921?.
• ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? 11 ?? ?????? ??? 1923?.

????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? 1919? ???? 1928?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? 1920? ????? ??????? ???????.

?????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????.

?????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????.

??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????: ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ???????. ^[1] ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????.

???? ??? ???? ??????? -???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???- ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????: ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????.

??? ???? ???? ??? 1919? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? (???????) ??? ????? ???????? ??????: ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????.

??????? [ ??? ]

• ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? .
• ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??.
• ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? 1936?.
• ????? (??????? ?????????) ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1936?.
• ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? 25 ??? 1929?? ?????? ????????.
• ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????.
• ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? 1356?? ??? ??? 1364??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????????.
• ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ( ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????).

?????? ?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? 1346?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? 1928? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? 1929?? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????.

???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????.

?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? 26 ???? 1936?? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? 1923? ??? ??? 1930?? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???:

• ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????: ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????.
• ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????.

?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????:

??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????:

1. ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????.
2. ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????.
3. ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????.
4. ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????.

??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ???:

1. ????? ???? ??????: ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? 12 ?? ????? ?????? ??? 1354?? ??????? 11 ?? ????? ??? 1935?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????.
2. ????? ??? ????? ????????: ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (????? ????????) ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? 1928?.
3. ??????? ?????? ???? ???????: ?? ??? 1911? ???? ????? ???? ?????? (???? ???? ???????) ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? (????? ???? ???????) ?????? ?? ??????? -??? ???? ?????? ???????- ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????.

???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??? 1945?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???.

????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????.

???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? 1364?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??? 1945?.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

• ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????.
• ??????? ??????? 7/103.
• ?????? ???????? ????? 115 ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? 1952?.
• ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? 1957?.
• ???? ??????? ?????: ???? ????.
• ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

• ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????

????? [ ??? ]

• ?????? ???? ????? ???????

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ????? ???????

• ????? ?????
• ????? ???????
• ????? ????? ???????
• ????? ???