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?????? ( ????? : ?????????? ??????) ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????. [1] [2] [3] ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? . ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????.

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  1. ^ "Modes of Travelling in China" . The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons . Wesleyan Missionary Society. ?. X: 102. ?????? 1853. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-02-29 .
  2. ^ Bath Chronicle (December 2, 2002) Sedan Chairs Ride Again. Page 21. ???? ?????? 2008-12-03 ?? Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Della Valle? Pietro (1892) [First translated 1664]. Grey? Edward (??????). The Travels of Pietro Della Valle in India from the old English translation of 1664 by G. Havers . ?????: Havers? George. London: Hakluyt Society . ?. Volume I. ?. 185. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-17. {{ ??????? ????? }} : |??????= ???? ????? ?????? ( ?????? )