한국   대만   중국   일본 
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هذه مقالةٌ مختارةٌ، وتعد من أجود محتويات ويكيبيديا. انقر هنا للمزيد من المعلومات.
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????? ??????? 2000 ?.?  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P571) في ويكي بيانات
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??????? ??????? 75,351 [3] ???? (????? 2015 )
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خريطة
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???? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? 5400 ??? ????. ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? 40% ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? 55%? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??. [5]

??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? [6] [7] ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? . [8] ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????. [9] ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ? [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????. [15] [16] [17] [18]

???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? 2015 ? 75,351 ????? ???? 50,113 ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????. ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????. [19]

?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? 700 ??????. [20]

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???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? 4000 ???. ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????????. [35]

??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? 115 ?.? [36] ?200? ? [37] [38] [39] [?????? 10] ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? . ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ≪????? ?????? ≫? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? [40] ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????. [41] ???? ?? ???: ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? (??? ???? ????):

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??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? [8] [42] [43] [44] ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? . [45] [46] [47] [48] [49]

?????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? (??????) ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? : [50]

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??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? [58] [59] ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????. [?????? 11] [60] ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? . [61] ??? ????? ??? 13 ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? . [62] [63]

???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ? ??????: ????? ??? ????? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? . [64] [65] ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? [66] ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? [67] ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? . [68] [69] ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? . [70] ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. [71]

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محافظة بارق ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? . محافظة بارق

????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? [73] ????? ??? ?? ??? . [74] [75] [76]

???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????:

  1. ????? ?? ????? ??????? : ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? . [77] [78]
  2. ????? ?? ???? ??????? : ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. [79] [80] [?????? 12]
  3. ???? ??????? : ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????????. [81] ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? 12 ?? . [82] [83]
??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? 1946? .

??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? . [84] ??? ????? ??? 13 ?? ??????? ?????? ??? 634? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? 700 ??? - ?????????? ?? ???? - [85] [86] ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? . ????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? 12 ????? ??? 13 ?? ? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????. [87] [88]

???? ???? 1,500 ??? [89] [90] - ??? ????? ?????? 700 ??? [91] - ?? ????? ???????? ?? 13 ????? ??? 14 ?? / 16 ?????? ??? 636? ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? . [92] [93] [94] ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????. [95] [96] ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ? [97] ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? [98] ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? . [99] [100] ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ? [101] ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? [102] [103] ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? [104] ?????? ?? ????? ? [96] ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????. [105]

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  1. ????? ?? ????? ??????? : ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????. [106]
  2. ???? ??????? : ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???. [107] [108] ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? [109] ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????. [110] [111] ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. [112] [113]

?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????. [114] ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ? [115] ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????: ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? [116] [117] ????? ??????? [118] ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? [119] ????? ?? ???? ??????? [120] [121] ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? [122] [123] ??????. ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? : ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? [124] ????? ??????: [125]

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???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? [166] ???? ?????? ????????? - ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? - [166] ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? 1916? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? (45 ???)? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????. [167] [168]

?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 1338?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ? [169] ???????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? 1343?? - ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? - ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? 2,500 ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. [170] [171] [?????? 13] ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? 1343?? ??????? 1924? ? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????. [172] [173]

???? ?? ???? ??? 1946? - 1365 ?? .

????????? [ ??? ]

?????????? [ ??? ]

?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????.

??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ( ??? ??????? )? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???? ????? 412 ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???????: [174]

  • ???????: ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? 2,000 ???.
  • ???????: ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????. ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???: [175]
  • ???? ????: ??? ???? ????.
  • ???? ??? ?? ????: ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????.
  • ???? ?????: ??? ???? ????.
  • ???? (????): ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????.

?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ????? ???? ????

????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???. ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? . ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????: [176]

  • ??? ???? : ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? 2000 ???? ???????.
  • ??? ????? : ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????: ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? 1,600 ??? ???????. [177]
  • ??? ???? : ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? [178] ????? ???????: ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????. ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? 1,600 ???.
  • ??? ????? : ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? 1,922 ????? ?????? ????? 2,000 ????.
  • ??? ????? : ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? 1,100 ???
  • ??? ???? : ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? 1,600 ??? ???????.
  • ??? ????? : ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? 1,700 ???.

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ????? ????

????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???????: [179]

?????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? °30 ?????? ??????? °18. [188] ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? 600 ? 700 ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? . [189] ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. [190]

???????? ???????? ??????
????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????
????? ???? ??????? ?????? °? (°?) 28.0
(82.4) 		27.2
(81.0) 		28.9
(84.0) 		29
(84) 		29.5
(85.1) 		30
(86) 		30.5
(86.9) 		30
(86) 		30.7
(87.3) 		29.8
(85.6) 		29.5
(85.1) 		29
(84) 		29.3
(84.8)
????? ???? ??????? ?????? °? (°?) 17.7
(63.9) 		17
(63) 		17.9
(64.2) 		18.2
(64.8) 		18.4
(65.1) 		18.8
(65.8) 		18.9
(66.0) 		19.4
(66.9) 		19.2
(66.6) 		18.6
(65.5) 		18.8
(65.8) 		18.3
(64.9) 		18.4
(65.2)
?????? ?? (???) 11.8
(0.46) 		14.6
(0.57) 		18.1
(0.71) 		20.0
(0.79) 		14.4
(0.57) 		49.9
(1.96) 		157.2
(6.19) 		167.8
(6.61) 		92.6
(3.65) 		24.7
(0.97) 		10.0
(0.39) 		12.1
(0.48) 		593.2
(23.35)
[ ????? ????? ]

?????? [ ??? ]

?????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? 8 ?15 ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? 13 ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? 700 ???? ???????? ?? ???? . [191] [192] ?? ????? 400 ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????. [193] ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 14 ?? 1,500 ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? . [194] [195] [196] ???? ?? ?????? 1,900 ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????. ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????: ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? “?? ???? ????”? ???? ??? ?????. [197] ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????.

???? ???? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? (12300 ??? ???). [198] [199] [200] [201] [?????? 15] ??????? ??? ???? ?? 50 ???? ????? ?? ?????? [202] [203] ?12300 ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? 40 ?60 ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???. [204] [205] [206] [207] [208] ??? ???????? ??? 1974? ??? ????? ?????? 50,000 ????. [209] ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? 1992? ????? 34 ??? ???? ???. [210] ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??? 2010? ????? 50,113 ????.

??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????
9121 21270 23463 44733 4735 645 5380 26005 24108 50113

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???????? ???????: ???? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ????
??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 1946?.
???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????.

????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? [211] ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. [212] ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????. [213] [214]

???? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????. ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????. [215]

?????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????: ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????.

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????. ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???. [216]

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ??????? ???? 1434 ?? ???? ?? 107 ????? ????? ?? 13,000 ????? ?????? ????? ?? 1,500 ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? 2014? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????? 5,000 ???? ??????. [217]

???????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? 1946? .

??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????. [218]

??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? 150,000 ????? ??? ??? ????????: ????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? . [219] ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? 1911? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????. [220] ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. [221] [222] ????? ??????: ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ????????. [223] [224] ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ( 1946? ): ????? ???? ≪????????≫ ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????. [225] ????????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????. ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????.

??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. [226] ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????. [227]

??????? [228] [229] [230]
??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????
??? ????? ?? ???? ???????
??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? [231] [232]
??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????
??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????
??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? [233] [234]
??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? [235]
??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????

????? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????: [236]

  • ??? ????? : ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????.
  • ??? ??????: ???????? ??? ????? ????? ? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????.
  • ??? ??????: ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????.
  • ??? ????? : ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????.
  • ??? ???????: ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????.
  • ??? ?????: ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????.
  • ??? ???????: ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????.

??? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????. ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? “?????” ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ( 1911? ) ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????. [237]

??????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????.

??? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? [238] ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????. [239] ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? 1911? / 1329?? ? ??? ???: ≪ ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ≫. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????. [240] ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ( 1916? ) ????? ???? ?????? ??≪??????≫? ????: ≪ ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? 50 ???? ????? ?? ?????? [241] ????? ???? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? 250 ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ? [242] ? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? 300 ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ≫. [243] ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ( 1946? ) ??????: ≪ ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ≫? [244] [245]

  • آثار قرية ساحل
    ???? ???? ????
  • أطلال حصن قديم بوادي شهار
    ????? ??? ???? ????? ????
  • بيوت قديمة، أعالي ريدان
    ???? ?????? ????? ?????

????? ???? [ ??? ]

???????? ???????: ????? ????? ???? ? ????? ???? ?? ????????

??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ???????:

??????? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ????? ??? ????

??? ?? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ Great Britain. Naval Intelligence Division ? A Handbook of Arabia: General ? Page 231. ???? ?????? 2016-03-04 ?? Wayback Machine
  2. ^ "??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????" . www.al-jazirah.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-11-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-12-04 .
  3. ^ ????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??? 2015. ???? ?????? 2016-11-13 ?? Wayback Machine [ ???? ?????? ]
  4. ^ ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ?????? 2017-09-10 ?? Wayback Machine
  5. ^ ???? ????? ????? ????? ????. ???? ?????? 2017-07-01 ?? Wayback Machine [ ???? ?????? ]
  6. ^ ????? ?????: ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ???? ?????? 2020-01-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  7. ^ ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? - ????? 1 ?????? 267 ? ???? ?????? 2020-03-24 ?? Wayback Machine
  8. ^ ? ? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ????? ? 386 ? ???? ?????? 2015-06-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  9. ^ ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? 2017-04-10 ?? Wayback Machine
  10. ^ ????? ?????? ????? 2: ? 529? 579. 646? 647? 655. ????? ?????? ????? 3: ? 5? 27? 33? 67? 92? 122? ?141? 142? 144? 178? 180? 367? 563. ????? ?????? ????? 4: ? 524? 526? 527? 557? 582? 345.
  11. ^ ????? ??? ????? ??? 2: ? 69? 78? 92? 95? 103? 107? 110? 112? 119? 125? 140.
  12. ^ ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ? 6: ? 347? 363? 287. ??????? ???????? ????? 7: ? 57 75? 83? 84? 97? 98? 186. ??????? ???????? : ????? 8 ?311. ????? 9: ?34.
  13. ^ ???? ??????? - ???????? ? 1: ? 92? 93. ???? ??????? ????? 2: ? 305. 407? 408? 409? 410? 418? 476. ???? ??????? - ?????? ?????2: ? 230? 435. ???? ??????? ?????4: ? 227? 429.
  14. ^ ?????? ?? ??????? - ??? ?????? ?????? ????? 2: ?346? 360. 373? 396? 451? 444? 486? 513? 523. 524? 526? 539? 546. ?????? ?? ??????? ?????3: ? 38? 144. ?????? ?? ??????? ?????4: ?237? 266? 390.
  15. ^ ??????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? 2016-03-06 ?? Wayback Machine
  16. ^ ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? 10-12 ????? 2003 ? ???? ?????? 2014-10-19 ?? Wayback Machine
  17. ^ The Role of the Arab Tribes in the East During the Period of the Umayyads (40/660-132/749) P35,34 ? ???? ?????? 2015-06-27 ?? Wayback Machine
  18. ^ The History of Al-Tabari P46 ? ???? ?????? 2014-11-06 ?? Wayback Machine
  19. ^ #???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? .. ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ?? 18 ?????? 2016. ???? ?????? 2016-11-27 ?? Wayback Machine
  20. ^ ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ????????? ???? ?????? - ?????? 140? 141 ? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? 1976 ?. ? ???? ?????? 2017-12-13 ?? Wayback Machine
  21. ^ ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? - ???? ??? - ????? 8 ? 28.
  22. ^ ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????: ????? ???? ???? ?????? 2014-01-07 ?? Wayback Machine
  23. ^ ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? - ?????? 64. ???? ?????? 2020-01-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  24. ^ ???? ??????? ?????1:? 319
  25. ^ Thamudic Studies - Albert Jamme - page 11. ???? ?????? 2018-01-17 ?? Wayback Machine
  26. ^ 46, 89 M. Hartmann, Die Arabische Frage In Der Islamische Orient, Ii, Leipzig, 1909, P.
  27. ^ ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? 4 ? 60? ??? ?????? ??????: ??????? 1422??/ 2001?.
  28. ^ ????? ?????? ??????? - ?????? - ????? 2 - ?????? 26. ???? ?????? 2020-01-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  29. ^ ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ?????? 2020-01-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  30. ^ ???????? - ??? ????? ????? -?????? 181 . ???? ?????? 2020-01-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  31. ^ ???????? - ??? ????? ????? -?????? 70 . ???? ?????? 2020-01-10 ?? Wayback Machine
  32. ^ ???????? - ??? ????? ????? -?????? 121 . ???? ?????? 2020-01-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  33. ^ ????????? ???????? - ??? ??? ?????? - ?????? 1394. ???? ?????? 2020-01-09 ?? Wayback Machine [ ???? ?????? ]
  34. ^ ????????? ???????? - ??? ??? ?????? - ?????? 1907. ???? ?????? 2020-01-09 ?? Wayback Machine [ ???? ?????? ]
  35. ^ ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ? 21
  36. ^ ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? - ??? ?? ????? ??????? - ?????? 30. ???? ?????? 2016-03-04 ?? Wayback Machine
  37. ^ ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? - ??????? - ?15 - ?????? 311. ???? ?????? 2020-01-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  38. ^ ??????? ?? ????? ????? - ??? ?????? - ??????73. ? ???? ?????? 2020-01-10 ?? Wayback Machine
  39. ^ ????? ??? ????? - ??? ????? - ?2 - ?????? 338. ? ???? ?????? 2016-03-04 ?? Wayback Machine
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  3. ^ ???? ???: ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????.- ???? ?????: ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????.- ????? ???? : ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? . - ????? ????: ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????.
  4. ^ ??? ??? ??????: ???? ????? ?? ?????: ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???.
  5. ^ ??? ????????: ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ???: ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? . ???? ?????? 2020-01-09 ?? Wayback Machine
  6. ^ ?????? ??? ??? ????? - ??? ??? - ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? .
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