????? ????? (?????)

??????? ????
??? ???? ??	???????? ??????? ; gender minority (en)
????? ???????	LGBT (???????????) ; LGBT+ (???????????) ; LGBTQ (???????????)
?????? ????	???? ; ?????? ???????? ; ???????? ?????? ???????
?????	transgender studies (en) ; ???????? ?????????

????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? . ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ≪????? ?????? ????? ??????≫ ???? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? LGBT ?? GLBT ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????: ≪Lesbian? Gay? Bisexual ? ?Transgender≫ ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? " LGB " ???? ????? ?? ????? ≪????? ????????≫ ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ^[1] ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???. ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? . ^[2]^[3]

?????? ???????? ??????? ≪ ????? ????? ≫ ( ????? ) ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????. ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? "Q" ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? " LGBTQ "? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? 1996. ^[4]

??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? "I" ???????? ?"Intersex" ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? "LGBTI" (?????? ??? ??? ?? 1997 ^[5]). ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????. ^[6] ??? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ≪?????? ???????? ??????????≫? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ^[6] ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????.

????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ? ??????? ????? ≪ ??? ???? ≫ ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? . ^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

????? ????? Homosexual (???? ?????) ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? Homophile ?? ????????? ?????????? ^[13] ?????? Gay ?? ?????????. ^[7] ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? "Gay" ?"Lesbian" ???????? ??????.

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Acronyms, initialisms & abbreviations dictionary, Volume 1, Part 1uu Gale Research Co., 1985, ( ???? 978-0-8103-0683-7 ). Factsheet five, Issues 32-36, Mike Gunderloy, 1989 ???? ?????? 2015-04-04 ?? Wayback Machine
^ The 2008 Community Center Survey Report: Assessing the Capacity and Programs of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Community Centers ???? ?????? 2009-05-04 ?? Wayback Machine August 29, 2008, Terry Stone, CenterLink (formerly The National Association of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community Centers). Report link ^{[
???? ??????
]} "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-05-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-06-24 .
^ National Lesbian & Gay Journalists Association: Stylebook Supplement on LGBT Terminology , NLGJA 2008. Stylebook Supplement ???? ?????? 2012-04-25 ?? Wayback Machine
^ The Santa Cruz County in-queery, Volume 9, Santa Cruz Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgendered Community Center, 1996 . Books.google.com. 1 ?????? 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-10-23 .
^ William L. Maurice, Marjorie A. Bowman, Sexual medicine in primary care , Mosby Year Book, 1999, ( ???? 978-0-8151-2797-0 ) ???? ?????? 2013-03-03 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ^? ^? "In-Between Bodies: Sexual Difference, Race, and Sexuality" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-03-27. {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? ??? ??????? |apellido= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |last= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |editorial= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |publisher= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |fecha= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |date= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |fechaacceso= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |access-date= ( ?????? )? ? ?????? ??? ??????? |nombre= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |first= ( ?????? )
^ ^? ^? Ross? E. Wayne (2006, ISBN 0-7914-6909-3 ). The Social Studies Curriculum: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities . SUNY Press. ????? ?? ????? ?? 4 ????? 2015 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-07-05 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= ( ?????? )
^ Kennedy, Hubert C. (1980) The "third sex" theory of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs , Journal of Homosexuality. 1980?1981 Fall?Winter; 6(1?2): pp. 103?1
^ Hirschfeld, Magnus , 1904. Berlins Drittes Geschlecht ("Berlin's Third Sex")
^ ?????? ???? and ??? ???????? ??????? , 1897. Sexual Inversion .
^ ?????? ??????? ? 1908. The Intermediate Sex: A Study of Some Transitional Types of Men and Women . ???? ?????? 2013-06-03 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Duc, Aimee, 1901. Sind es Frauen? Roman uber das dritte Geschlecht ("Are These Women? Novel about the Third Sex")
^ Minton? Henry (2002). Departing from Deviance . University of Chicago Press. ISBN : 0-226-53043-4 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-04-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-01-01 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ?????? ??? ??????? |pg= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )

????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.
????? ?? ???? ???????.

[1] Acronyms, initialisms & abbreviations dictionary, Volume 1, Part 1uu Gale Research Co., 1985, ( ???? 978-0-8103-0683-7 ). Factsheet five, Issues 32-36, Mike Gunderloy, 1989 ???? ?????? 2015-04-04 ?? Wayback Machine

[2] The 2008 Community Center Survey Report: Assessing the Capacity and Programs of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Community Centers ???? ?????? 2009-05-04 ?? Wayback Machine August 29, 2008, Terry Stone, CenterLink (formerly The National Association of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community Centers). Report link ^{[
???? ??????
]} "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-05-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-06-24 .

[3] National Lesbian & Gay Journalists Association: Stylebook Supplement on LGBT Terminology , NLGJA 2008. Stylebook Supplement ???? ?????? 2012-04-25 ?? Wayback Machine

[4] The Santa Cruz County in-queery, Volume 9, Santa Cruz Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgendered Community Center, 1996 . Books.google.com. 1 ?????? 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-10-23 .

[5] William L. Maurice, Marjorie A. Bowman, Sexual medicine in primary care , Mosby Year Book, 1999, ( ???? 978-0-8151-2797-0 ) ???? ?????? 2013-03-03 ?? Wayback Machine

[In-Between_Bodies-6] ? ^? "In-Between Bodies: Sexual Difference, Race, and Sexuality" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-03-27. {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? ??? ??????? |apellido= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |last= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |editorial= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |publisher= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |fecha= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |date= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |fechaacceso= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |access-date= ( ?????? )? ? ?????? ??? ??????? |nombre= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |first= ( ?????? )

[The_Social_Studies_C-7] ? ^? Ross? E. Wayne (2006, ISBN 0-7914-6909-3 ). The Social Studies Curriculum: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities . SUNY Press. ????? ?? ????? ?? 4 ????? 2015 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-07-05 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= ( ?????? )

[8] Kennedy, Hubert C. (1980) The "third sex" theory of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs , Journal of Homosexuality. 1980?1981 Fall?Winter; 6(1?2): pp. 103?1

[9] Hirschfeld, Magnus , 1904. Berlins Drittes Geschlecht ("Berlin's Third Sex")

[10] ?????? ???? and ??? ???????? ??????? , 1897. Sexual Inversion .

[11] ?????? ??????? ? 1908. The Intermediate Sex: A Study of Some Transitional Types of Men and Women . ???? ?????? 2013-06-03 ?? Wayback Machine

[12] Duc, Aimee, 1901. Sind es Frauen? Roman uber das dritte Geschlecht ("Are These Women? Novel about the Third Sex")

[13] Minton? Henry (2002). Departing from Deviance . University of Chicago Press. ISBN : 0-226-53043-4 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-04-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-01-01 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ?????? ??? ??????? |pg= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )

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[13]

???? ??????

? ? ? ?????? ???????
???????? ????????	????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? Die Sexualitat im Kulturkampf
???????	????? ??????? Boys in the Sand Blue Movie Myra Breckinridge ??? ???? Divorce law by country ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? Miller Test ???? ????????? ?? ????? " ??? ???????? ?????? " ?????? Pornography in the United States ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? (1965) United States v. One Book Called Ulysses
??????	" Make love, not war " " ?????? ????? "
???????	???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????/?????? ?????? ????? Masters and Johnson Institute ???? ??? ???????? 1968 ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????
?????	Pat Califia ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? Ralph Ginzburg Al Goldstein ??? ????????? Terri Hall Fred Halsted ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? David Hurles ??????? ??. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? Robert Mapplethorpe William Margold ?????? ?????? Radley Metzger ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????
?????	55th Street Playhouse Caldron (sex club) Catacombs (sex club) Club Baths The Factory Gay bathhouse ????? ???????? Dallas-Fort Worth ^{[???? ????]}‏ Houston Miami New York City San Francisco Mineshaft (gay club) New Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre Plato's Retreat Sandstone retreat South of Market ^{[???? ????]}‏
??? ?????	????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? Inside Deep Throat (????) ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution: An Unfettered History (????) The Notorious Bettie Page (????) ???? ???? ??? ????? Whatever (?????)