?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
??????????
?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??
?????
:?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???
???????
???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ????
????????
.
[1]
???? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??
???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????
.
????? ??? ??????
[
???
]
- ?????? ?????? ???????????
: ????? ???? ??" S. D. I " ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????
?????? ????
???
1983
. ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???
???????? ???????
???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????. ????? ????? ??????
???
(1989 _ 1993) ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????.
?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????.
?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????.
???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????:
https://5fb577cb4b229.site123.me/#section-5fb57d28cf17e
??????? ??????
[2]
[
???
]
- ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? - Enterprise for the Americas Initiative
- ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? - Proliferation Security Initiative
- ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? - Interreg Community Initiative
- ?????? ??????? ??????????? - e -Africa initiative
- ?????? ????????
????? ???????? ???????
- GHG Protocol Initiative; Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative
- ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? - Stability Pact Anti -Corruption Initiative
- ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? - Baltic Sea Initiative and Plan of Action
- ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? - Special Initiative for Governance in Africa
- ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? - Sick Children Initiative
- ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? - System -wide Initiative on Malaria and Agriculture
- ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? - Health of the Indigenous Peoples Initiative
- ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? - Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa
???? ?????
[
???
]
?????
[
???
]
?????
[
???
]
