???? ????

( ??????????? : Mark Kelly )?
??????? ?????
??? ???????	( ??????????? : Mark Edward Kelly )?
???????	21 ?????? 1964 (????? 60 ???) ; City of Orange Township
???????	?????
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??????	??????? ??????? (2007?)
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	??? ???? ?????? ; 2 ?????? 2020 ? 3 ????? 2021
???? ????????	???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ‏
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	??? ???? ?????? ; 3 ????? 2021 ? 3 ????? 2023
???? ????????	?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????
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	??? ??? ; 3 ????? 2023
???? ????????	???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ‏
?????? ???????
??????? ????	?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? (??????: ????? ???? ) (???????: ??????? ?????? ) (?1994) ; ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ‏ (?1994)
????? ??????	????????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????
??????	???? ? ????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ?????
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????? ????	???????? ???????
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???? ?????	??????? ??? ??????? ???????
???? ??	????
????? ?? ??????	77884 ?????
???????	STS-108 (1) ; STS-121 (2) ; STS-124 (3) ; STS-134 (4)
?????? ????????
?????	????? ???????? ???????
??????	???? ‏ (1987?)
???????
	???? ??????? ??????? ; ??? ???? ; ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ; ???? ???? ?????? ???????????
???????
???????
??????	?????? ??????
IMDB	????? ??? IMDB
	????? ????? - ?????

???? ?????? ???? ( ??????????? : Mark Kelly )? (???? ?? 21 ?????? ??? 1964) ?? ???? ? ????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? . ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? . ^[7] ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? 2017. ^[8]^[9] ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????. ^[10] ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????.

???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 1996? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2001 ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??-108. ??? ???? ?? ?? ??-121 ??? 2006? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??-124 ?? ??? 2008 ??? ?? ??-134 ?? ??? 2011. ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??-134 ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????.

?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? 8 ????? ?? ??? 2011? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????. ^[11] ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ^[12]

????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????. ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????. ^[13] ?? ??? 2015? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ?? 1 ???? ?? ??? 2016? ??? ?? ??? 340 ????? ?? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????. ^[14]

?? 12 ?????? ?? ??? 2019? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? 2020. ????? ????? ???????????. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????.

????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? (?? ???????) ????? ??? ????? ???? ????????. ???? ?? ??? ???????. ???? ?? 21 ?????? ?? ??? 1946 ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????. ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 1982. ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1986. ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????. ^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ??? 1987? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? -6 ???????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? 115 (?? ??? ? 115) ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? 39 ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? 1993 ??? ????? ??? 1994. ????? ????? ???? ?? 5000 ???? ?? ???? ?? 50 ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? 375 ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????. ^[19]

???? ??? ??? ???????: ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? (?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???)? ???????? ????? ????? (????? ????? ?????? ??)? (?????? ??: ??? ??v?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????)? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ^[19]^[20]

?? 21 ????? ?? ??? 2011? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? 1 ?????? ?? ??? 2011. ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???: ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? 1982 ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????????. ^[21]

????? ?? ???? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 1996. ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1996. ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? 54 ????? ?? ??????. ^[19]

???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? 2006 ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? -??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????????- ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????:

?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????????. ^[22]

?????? ?? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

?? ?? ?? -108 [ ??? ]

???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? -108. ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? 5 ?????? ?? ??? 2001? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????. ^[23]

??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? -108 ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????. ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? 7 ??????? ??????? ?????10 ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ????????? 3 ?????? ??????? ???? ????? 117 ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? 8 ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? 4 ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ^[23]

?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? 12 ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? 13 ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ?? ?? ??-108 ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ???? ???? ???? ?? 4.8 ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? 186 ??? ???? 11 ????? ?19 ????. ^[23]

????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ????? ????:

????? ??????? ?????
NASA Exceptional Service Medal
???? ????
???? "????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? 1941-1945
???? ?????????.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??? ???? IMDb (??????????)
???? ???? ??? ???? Metacritic (??????????)
???? ???? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
???? ???? ??? ???? Rotten Tomatoes (??????????)
???? ???? ??? ???? RollingStone (??????????)
???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? (??????????)
???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? (??????????)

????? [ ??? ]

^ https://www.kelly.senate.gov/ . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ https://www.pewforum.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2021/01/01.04.21_faith_on_the_hill_detailed.table_.update.pdf . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/senate-arizona-democrats-kelly/2020/12/01/10155924-3400-11eb-b59c-adb7153d10c2_story.html . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (???????????), United States Government Publishing Office , 1903, QID : Q1150348
^ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (???????????), United States Government Publishing Office , 1903, QID : Q1150348
^ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (???????????), United States Government Publishing Office , 1903, QID : Q1150348
^ "???? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? (VIAF) ????? ???? ????" . VIAF . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-09-15 .
^ "WebCite query result" . www.webcitation.org (???????????). Archived from the original on 2015-04-04 . Retrieved 2017-11-07 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ( help )
^ "Astronaut Bio: Mark Kelly (7/2011)" . www.jsc.nasa.gov . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2006-07-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-11-07 .
^ Twin astronauts Mark, Scott Kelly prepare for year-long mission - CBS News ???? ?????? 2018-02-01 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Tolson? Mike (17 ????? 2011). "Their toughest mission yet, Shooting of Gabrielle Giffords thrusts her husband and brother-in-law, both astronauts, into an unfamiliar spotlight" . Houston Chronicle . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-02-09 .
^ Barry? Dan (4 ?????? 2011). "Public Drawn to Choice by Giffords's Husband" . The New York Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-02-09 .
^ "WebCite query result" . www.webcitation.org (???????????). Archived from the original on ?????? 11, 2015 . Retrieved ?????? 7, 2017 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ( help )
^ "Twin astronauts prep for year-long mission" (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-02-18 . Retrieved 2017-11-07 .
^ Cruikshank? Jeffrey L.? Kline? Chloe G. (2008). In peace and war: a history of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point . John Wiley and Sons. ?. 530. ISBN : 978-0-470-13601-0 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-03-04 .
^ Lehren? Marilyn (????? 8, 2011). "Rep. Gabrielle Giffords is married to West Orange native Mark Kelly" . The Caldwells Patch . ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? 15, 2011 . ???? ???? ?????? ?????? 8, 2011 .
^ Twin astronauts remember their mother, West Orange's first female police officer - nj.com ???? ?????? 2019-02-18 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "Kelly named among top 100 Irish Americans by Irish America/Irish Central" . Gabrielle Giffords. 2 ????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-09-05 .
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? "Biographical Data: Mark E. Kelly (Captain, USN)" . NASA. ?????? 2009. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-02-07 .
^ "Astronaut Mark Kelly, husband of Gabrielle Giffords, retires from Navy" . CNN. 6 ?????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-10-06 .
^ "Astronaut Mark Kelly announces his retirement ? KTRK, ABC Channel 13, Houston, Texas" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-04-08.
^ "Transcript of Associated Press Interview via NASA" . AP and NASA. 11 ????? 2006. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-11-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-02-08 .
^ ^? ^? ^? "NASA Mission Archives, STS-108" . NASA. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-06-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-02-08 .

???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????:

???? ???? ??? ???????? .
???? ???? ??? ?????? .
???? ???? ??? ????? .
???? ???? ??? ?????? .
???? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
???? ???? ??? ???? .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ????

[wikidata-711987a036b5e017c14bf07cf89379995251969e-1] ttps://www.kelly.senate.gov/ . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-6c523c8081428867597b7dd6985388346a145027-2] ttps://www.pewforum.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2021/01/01.04.21_faith_on_the_hill_detailed.table_.update.pdf . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-ab49c25eaacdce5c9fce63a87954cfeee32b124f-3] ttps://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/senate-arizona-democrats-kelly/2020/12/01/10155924-3400-11eb-b59c-adb7153d10c2_story.html . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-ff72a0814608afb8e57653af601dc6370af55b8f-4] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (???????????), United States Government Publishing Office , 1903, QID : Q1150348

[wikidata-8d5d582887e731c16f89c94b3f5e39719d8f3567-5] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (???????????), United States Government Publishing Office , 1903, QID : Q1150348

[wikidata-fe8addf4f2e925bc3a69f75622dcd82d764c5694-6] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (???????????), United States Government Publishing Office , 1903, QID : Q1150348

[7] "???? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? (VIAF) ????? ???? ????" . VIAF . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-09-15 .

[8] "WebCite query result" . www.webcitation.org (???????????). Archived from the original on 2015-04-04 . Retrieved 2017-11-07 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ( help )

[9] "Astronaut Bio: Mark Kelly (7/2011)" . www.jsc.nasa.gov . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2006-07-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-11-07 .

[10] Twin astronauts Mark, Scott Kelly prepare for year-long mission - CBS News ???? ?????? 2018-02-01 ?? Wayback Machine

[Brothers_in_tragedy-11] Tolson? Mike (17 ????? 2011). "Their toughest mission yet, Shooting of Gabrielle Giffords thrusts her husband and brother-in-law, both astronauts, into an unfamiliar spotlight" . Houston Chronicle . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-02-09 .

[NYT_choice-12] Barry? Dan (4 ?????? 2011). "Public Drawn to Choice by Giffords's Husband" . The New York Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-02-09 .

[13] "WebCite query result" . www.webcitation.org (???????????). Archived from the original on ?????? 11, 2015 . Retrieved ?????? 7, 2017 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ( help )

[14] "Twin astronauts prep for year-long mission" (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-02-18 . Retrieved 2017-11-07 .

[CruikshankKline2008-15] Cruikshank? Jeffrey L.? Kline? Chloe G. (2008). In peace and war: a history of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point . John Wiley and Sons. ?. 530. ISBN : 978-0-470-13601-0 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-03-04 .

[16] Lehren? Marilyn (????? 8, 2011). "Rep. Gabrielle Giffords is married to West Orange native Mark Kelly" . The Caldwells Patch . ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? 15, 2011 . ???? ???? ?????? ?????? 8, 2011 .

[17] Twin astronauts remember their mother, West Orange's first female police officer - nj.com ???? ?????? 2019-02-18 ?? Wayback Machine

[18] "Kelly named among top 100 Irish Americans by Irish America/Irish Central" . Gabrielle Giffords. 2 ????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-09-05 .

[nasabio-19] ? ^? ^? ^? "Biographical Data: Mark E. Kelly (Captain, USN)" . NASA. ?????? 2009. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-02-07 .

[20] "Astronaut Mark Kelly, husband of Gabrielle Giffords, retires from Navy" . CNN. 6 ?????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-10-06 .

[KellyRetirement6-21-2011-21] "Astronaut Mark Kelly announces his retirement ? KTRK, ABC Channel 13, Houston, Texas" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-04-08.

[discoveryTranscript-22] "Transcript of Associated Press Interview via NASA" . AP and NASA. 11 ????? 2006. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-11-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-02-08 .

[sts108-23] ? ^? ^? "NASA Mission Archives, STS-108" . NASA. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-06-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-02-08 .

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