????? ??????????

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?????	???????? ???????
???????	????? 1998
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?????	???? ????? then Public subsidiary (NYSE:MRV)
????? ????????	private company (en)
????? ???????	???????
???? ?????	marvel.com
?????? ????	?????? ???????? (1968-1986) ; ??? ????? ????? (1986-1989) ; ?????? ????? (1989?1997) ; ???? ????? (1997)
??????	Toy Biz (en) ? ??????? ?????
??????? ???????	?????? ????? ; ???? ??
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??????	Isaac Perlmutter (en)
????????	500

??????? ????
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???????	????? 1998
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???? ?????	marvel.com
?????? ????	???? ???? ?????
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??????	Isaac Perlmutter (en)
??? ????????	??? ??????? (CCO) ; ?????? ????????: ; ????? ??????? ( CEO ) ; ???? ???? ( ???? ) ; ??? ???????? ( EVP )
????????	255

????? ????????? ( ??????????? : Marvel Entertainment )? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???. ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ??? ????? ?? 2000 ? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? 2009 ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? 4.64$ ?????. ^[2] ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????. ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? . ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ^[3] ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? . ^[4]

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ??????? (????? ?? MEG)? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? 1986 ? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? . ^[5] ?? ??? 1989 ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? 82.5$ ?????? ^[1] ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????. ^[5]

??? ?????? ??????? ????????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? 40% ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? 1991, ????? 40$ ????? ?? ??????? ^[1] ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? . ^[6] ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????. ?? ????? 1993? ??????? ????? ??? 46% ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????. ?? ??? 1993 ? ? 1994 ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? - ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? . ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? 1994 ???? ???? ??????? ^[??????????]‏ ?? ????? 1995. ^[1] ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????. ^[7] ???? ??????? ????????? 50 ????? ????? ?? 1995, ??? 4 ????? 1996 ???? ??? ?????? 275 ????. ^[8] ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? 350 ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? 1996 (?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???????)? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???. ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? 20% ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????. ??? ??? ??? 27 ?????? 1996 ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???. ^[1]

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??????? ?????? ??? 2012 ?????:

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????? ?????? ??????? ???????? (???????)
????????? ????? (1996) ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????
- ??????? ????? (2010) ??? ??????? ??????????
  - ????? ?????? ???????? (2008)
    - ????????? ????? ?????? ????????
- MVL ??????? ????????
- ????? ???????? (2005)
????? ??????? ???????? ( ???? ???? )
????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???????
MRV (???????)
MRV ???????? ( ?????? )
MVL ?????? ??????? ????????: ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? 12 ?????
MVL ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? (?????? ????????)
MVL ??????? ??????? ?? ???? (?????? ????????)
????? ??????? ???????? (???????)

????? ????? ???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???????
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- ???? MVL: ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????
?????? ????? (??????)
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MVL ??????? ???????? (???????) ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? (2010 - ????? ??????)

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????????? ??? ???? IMDb (??????????)
????? ?????????? ??? ???? Internet Broadway Database (??????????)

????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Raviv? Dan (????? 2002). Comic Wars . Broadway Books, Random House, Heroes Books. ISBN : 0-7679-0830-9 . page numbers?
^ Fritz? Ben (23 ?????? 2009). "Disney tells details of Marvel Entertainment acquisition in a regulatory filing" . ??? ?????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-11-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-04-12 . {{ ??????? ???? }}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch ( ?????? )
^ Chu? Karen (8 ?????? 2013). "Hong Kong Disneyland to Open 'Iron Man' Experience in 2016" . The Hollywood Reporter . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-03-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-01-19 .
^ MacDonald? Brady (2 ???? 2013). "What's next for Marvel characters at Disney theme parks" . Los Angeles Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-12-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-01-19 .
^ ^? ^? Hicks? Jonathan (8 ?????? 1988). "The Media Business; Marvel Comic Book Unit Being Sold for $82.5 Million" . ??????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-11-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-05-05 .
^ "MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings Inc.". International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 28 . Gale / St. James Press, via FundingUniverse.com. 1999. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-03-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-05-16 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ?????? ??? ??????? |?????_???????= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
^ A minority of dissidents maintain no bubble existed. Rozanski, Chuck. "The Vicious Downward Spiral of the 1990s" . Tales from the Database . Mile High comics. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-02-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-01-27 .
^ Leonhardt? David (22 ????? 1996). "What Evil Lurks in the Heart of Ron?" . Business Week . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-11-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-10-27 .

????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????:

????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

[cwt-1] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Raviv? Dan (????? 2002). Comic Wars . Broadway Books, Random House, Heroes Books. ISBN : 0-7679-0830-9 . page numbers?

[DMarvel-2] Fritz? Ben (23 ?????? 2009). "Disney tells details of Marvel Entertainment acquisition in a regulatory filing" . ??? ?????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-11-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-04-12 . {{ ??????? ???? }}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch ( ?????? )

[3] Chu? Karen (8 ?????? 2013). "Hong Kong Disneyland to Open 'Iron Man' Experience in 2016" . The Hollywood Reporter . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-03-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-01-19 .

[4] MacDonald? Brady (2 ???? 2013). "What's next for Marvel characters at Disney theme parks" . Los Angeles Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-12-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-01-19 .

[nyt1-5] ? ^? Hicks? Jonathan (8 ?????? 1988). "The Media Business; Marvel Comic Book Unit Being Sold for $82.5 Million" . ??????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-11-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-05-05 .

[fu-6] "MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings Inc.". International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 28 . Gale / St. James Press, via FundingUniverse.com. 1999. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-03-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-05-16 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ?????? ??? ??????? |?????_???????= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )

[7] A minority of dissidents maintain no bubble existed. Rozanski, Chuck. "The Vicious Downward Spiral of the 1990s" . Tales from the Database . Mile High comics. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-02-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-01-27 .

[8] Leonhardt? David (22 ????? 1996). "What Evil Lurks in the Heart of Ron?" . Business Week . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-11-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-10-27 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

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????? ???????	????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? (?????+) ^{[???? ????]}‏
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