???? ???????

??????? ????
????????	Mars (???????????)
???? ????	John Franklyn Mars (en)
?????	???????? ???????
???????	1911 ?? ??????? ?????? , ???????? ??????? ; 1920 ?? ?????????? ????????
?????	???? ????
????? ????????	???? ????
????? ???????	???????? ? ???????? ???????
???? ?????	mars.com (??????????)
??????	???? ?????
??????? ???????	Wrigley Jr. Company
???????	????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????
???????	????? ???????
????????	??????? ... ???? ? ?????? ? ?????? ? ???? ???????? ? ????? ? ???? ????? ? ???? ? pet food (en) ? ?????
????? ??????	Worldwide
??????	????? ????
??????	Frank C. Mars
??????	John Franklyn Mars (en)
??? ????????	John Mars ; (Chairman) ; Paul S. Michaels ; (President and CEO)
????????	80,000 (2017)
????????	US$30 billion (2010 )

???? ??????? ( ??????????? : Mars, Incorporated )? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? 30 ????? ????? ?? ??? 2010 ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? . ^[7] ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ^[8]^[9] ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????.

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ??? 1911 ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? 25 ????? ????? ??? 2007 ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???? 19 ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? 1911 ??????? ????? ???????.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? [ ??? ]

??????????

????? [ ??? ]

^ "About Us" . Mars, Inc. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-04-04 .
^ ???? ????: https://notes.rolandcrosby.com/posts/unexpectedly-eponymous/ .
^ ????? ??: Open Funder Registry . ??????: 7 ?????? 2017. ??????? ????? ?????????? (DOI): 10.13039/100007246 .
^ ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????: 99937329074-65 . ??????: 22 ???? 2022.
^ ???? ????: https://www.fao.org/connect-private-sector/search/detail/en/c/1381670/ .
^ ???? ????: https://www.ifad.org/en/companies .
^ "America's Largest Private Companies" . Forbes.com. 3 ?????? 2010. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-08-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-01-29 .
^ " McLean CDP, Virginia ." ???? ????? ???????? ??????? . Retrieved on September 1, 2009. ???? ?????? 2012-01-05 ?? Wayback Machine
^ " Locations ." Mars, Incorporated. Retrieved on September 1, 2009. ???? ?????? 2013-12-16 ?? Wayback Machine

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

Stephen Beckett, Industrial Chocolate Manufacture and Use, Fourth Edition , Wiley-Blackwell, 2008 ISBN 978-1-4051-3949-6 .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ???????

[Mars_Website-1] "About Us" . Mars, Inc. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-04-04 .

[b4e3c0fee5d7237a42d8469b1b6eafb140263ba0-2] ???? ????: https://notes.rolandcrosby.com/posts/unexpectedly-eponymous/ .

[3561cd68b39fd32975b18b65fa3fa73dbdd15a33-3] ????? ??: Open Funder Registry . ??????: 7 ?????? 2017. ??????? ????? ?????????? (DOI): 10.13039/100007246 .

[7c765f6314d923e43c49bd9b047690aabf5bfc33-4] ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????: 99937329074-65 . ??????: 22 ???? 2022.

[d4eb8cca966e13a180ad7d3730a3585bc1a1a9f4-5] ???? ????: https://www.fao.org/connect-private-sector/search/detail/en/c/1381670/ .

[6cc352b8e62bf23b9e1df130ea10c2316ef1c0be-6] ???? ????: https://www.ifad.org/en/companies .

[7] "America's Largest Private Companies" . Forbes.com. 3 ?????? 2010. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-08-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-01-29 .

[8] " McLean CDP, Virginia ." ???? ????? ???????? ??????? . Retrieved on September 1, 2009. ???? ?????? 2012-01-05 ?? Wayback Machine

[9] " Locations ." Mars, Incorporated. Retrieved on September 1, 2009. ???? ?????? 2013-12-16 ?? Wayback Machine

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