????? ???-M

????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ( M-type ) ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? , ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? 0.1-0.2? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ???????.

???? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? , ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? 22 ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? 70% ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????.

?????? 22 ? ??????? 21 ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ^[1] ? ????? ?????? . ^[2]

??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? (???????) ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????, ^[3] ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? , ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????.

?????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? , ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? (?????? ??????? ??????) , ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? , ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? 0.3 ??? 1.1 ??????????.

???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? 0.10 ??? 0.18.

???? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? 16 ?? ???248 ?????????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ????????? ??????? .

??????? [ ??? ]

^ D.F. Lupishko et al. (1982). "UBV photometry of the M-type asteroids 16 Psyche and 22 Kalliope". Solar System Research 16: 75. Bibcode: 1982AVest..16..101L . ???? ?????? 2020-03-14 ?? Wayback Machine
^ A.S. Rivkin et al. (2000). "The nature of M-class asteroids from 3-micron observations". Icarus 145 (2): 351. Bibcode: 2000Icar..145..351R . doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6354. ???? ?????? 2020-03-14 ?? Wayback Machine
^ C. Magri et al. (2001). "Radar constraints on asteroid regolith compositions using 433 Eros as ground truth". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 36 (12): 1697. Bibcode: 2001M&PS...36.1697M . doi: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2001.tb01857.x . ???? ?????? 2018-10-05 ?? Wayback Machine

[1] D.F. Lupishko et al. (1982). "UBV photometry of the M-type asteroids 16 Psyche and 22 Kalliope". Solar System Research 16: 75. Bibcode: 1982AVest..16..101L . ???? ?????? 2020-03-14 ?? Wayback Machine

[2] A.S. Rivkin et al. (2000). "The nature of M-class asteroids from 3-micron observations". Icarus 145 (2): 351. Bibcode: 2000Icar..145..351R . doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6354. ???? ?????? 2020-03-14 ?? Wayback Machine

[3] C. Magri et al. (2001). "Radar constraints on asteroid regolith compositions using 433 Eros as ground truth". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 36 (12): 1697. Bibcode: 2001M&PS...36.1697M . doi: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2001.tb01857.x . ???? ?????? 2018-10-05 ?? Wayback Machine

[1]

[2]

[3]