?????

??????? ^[1] ?? ??????? ????????? ( ??????????? : Cynicism )?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?.?. ? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? . ??????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? . ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?.?. ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? . ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????.

?? ????? ?????? ??? ? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???. ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???. ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? . ???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???. ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???????.

??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ???? ??? ≪??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????≫. ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ≪ ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????????≫

??????? [ ??? ]

???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? . ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ^[2]

?? ????? ?????? ??? ? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ???? ???????? ? ???? ???????? (2008). ?????? ??????: ????? ??????? ???? (???????? ???????????) (?. 1). ?????: ??? ????? ???????? . ?. 308. ISBN : 978-9953-63-541-5 . OCLC : 405515532 . OL : 50197876M . QID : Q112315598 .
^ ???????? ???????? ??????? ^{[
???? ??????
]}

??????? [ ??? ]

Bracht Branham? R.? Goulet-Caze? Marie-Odile (1996)? The Cynics: The Cynic Movement in Antiquity and Its Legacy ? University of California Press? ISBN : 0520216458
Dudley? Donald R. (1937)? A History of Cynicism from Diogenes to the 6th Century A.D. ? Cambridge? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-03
Kidd? I. (2005)? "Cynicism"? ?? Ree? Jonathan? Urmson? J. (????????)? The Concise Encyclopedia of Western Philosophy ? Routledge? ISBN : 0415329248
Long? A. A. (1996)? "The Socratic Tradition: Diogenes, Crates, and Hellenistic Ethics"? ?? Bracht Branham? R.? Goulet-Caze? Marie-Odile (????????)? The Cynics: The Cynic Movement in Antiquity and Its Legacy ? University of California Press? ISBN : 0520216458
Navia? Luis (1996)? Classical Cynicism: A Critical Study ? Greenwood Press? ISBN : 0313300151
Prince? Susan (2005)? "Socrates, Antisthenes, and the Cynics"? ?? Ahbel-Rappe? Sara? Kamtekar? Rachana (????????)? A Companion to Socrates ? Blackwell Publishing? ISBN : 1405108630
Schofield? Malcolm (1991)? The Stoic Idea of the City ? Cambridge University Press? ISBN : 0226740064

?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, Book VI: The Cynics
Dio Chrysostom, Cynic Discourses: Oration 6 , Oration 8 , Oration 9 , Oration 10 .
Epictetus, Discourse 3.22, On Cynicism
Pseudo-Lucian, The Cynic

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

R. Bracht Branham, Marie-Odile Goulet-Caze, (editors), (1996), The Cynics: The Cynic Movement in Antiquity and Its Legacy . University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21645-8
Ian Cutler, (2005), Cynicism from Diogenes to Dilbert . McFarland & Co. ISBN 0-7864-2093-6
William D. Desmond, (2006), The Greek Praise of Poverty: Origins of Ancient Cynicism . University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 0-268-02582-7
William D. Desmond, (2008), Cynics . Ancient Philosophies Series. Acumen Publishing. ISBN 1-84465-129-0
F. Gerald Downing, (1992), Cynics and Christian Origins . T. & T. Clark. ISBN 0-567-09613-0
Donald R. Dudley, (1937), A History of Cynicism from Diogenes to the 6th Century A.D. Bristol Classical Paperbacks. ISBN 1-85399-548-7 (Available at the Internet Archive )
Luis E. Navia, (1996), Classical Cynicism: A Critical Study . Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30015-1
?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? 2001.
????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? (???????????)
????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????????
??????? ??? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ? (?????? ??????????)

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

Cynics , from The Dictionary of the History of Ideas
Cynicism , BBC Radio 4 programme: In Our Time
Was Jesus a philosophical Cynic? , article by Bruce W. Griffin.
Cynics , article by Giannis Stamatellos

????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[1] ???? ???????? ? ???? ???????? (2008). ?????? ??????: ????? ??????? ???? (???????? ???????????) (?. 1). ?????: ??? ????? ???????? . ?. 308. ISBN : 978-9953-63-541-5 . OCLC : 405515532 . OL : 50197876M . QID : Q112315598 .

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