????? ??????

??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? . ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ??? ???? ????????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? (??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????) ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? .

???? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????.

?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? (?????? ??????? ???????) ??????? ?????? ≪?? ???????≫ (???? ?????????).

??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????????. ^[1]^[2]^[3] ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ^[4] ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??? 1815. ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????. ?? ????? ????? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????????????. ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? (??? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ..)? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????????.

??????? ??????? ????? ?????: ???? 1848 [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 1848? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? 1848. ??? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???????. ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? . ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????: ≪?? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????≫.

????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? 1848. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????. ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? .

??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ^[5] ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? . ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ≪?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????≫.

???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????????. ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????: ??????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????????. ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ^[6] ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????? . ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????.

?? ??? 1863? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???. ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ≪???≫ ?????? ??????: ≪??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????≫. ^[7]

??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????. ??? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????. ^[8] ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? 1948. ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????.

??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????????. ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????.

??????? ???????? ?? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? . ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ^[9]^[10]

???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???????. ????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? . ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? 1942.

???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ≪???? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????????≫? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? . ^[11]

?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????. ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? (????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????). ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ^[12]

????? ?????? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????????. ^{[
????? ?????
]}

????? [ ??? ]

^ John M. Letiche and Basil Dmytryshyn: "Russian Statecraft: The Politika of Iurii Krizhanich", Oxford and New York, 1985
^ Ivo Banac : "The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics" , Cornell University Press, 1988, pp. 71 ???? ?????? 14 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ The Eighteenth Century: A Current Bibliography . American Society for Eighteenth Century Studies. 1992. ?. 162. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-05-29. ... the work of some early "Panslavic" ideologues in the sixteenth (Pribojevic) and seventeenth (Gundulic, Komulovic, Kasic,...)
^ Robert John Weston Evans, Chapter "Nationality in East-Central Europe: Perception and Definition before 1848." Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs: Essays on Central Europe, c.1683-1867. 2006.
^ Yavus? M. Hakan? Sluglett? Peter (2011). War and Diplomacy: The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 and the Treaty of Berlin . Salt Lake City: University of Utah. ?. 1?2. ISBN : 1607811502 .
^ Magocsi? Robert? Pop? Ivan? ???????? (2005)? "Austro-Slavism"? Encyclopedia of Rusyn History and Culture ? Toronto: University of Toronto Press? ?. 21
^ Association of Serbian Philology: Hiljadugodi?nja 1863:4
^ Ramet, Sabrina P.; The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918-2005 ; ????? ????? ??????? , 2006 ( ???? 0-253-34656-8 )
^ Report about the XII. Pan-slavic congress in Moscow, May 2015 (in Russian) ???? ?????? 22 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ "Slavic Unity. Special issue of the news "Russky vestnik" Nr 16-17 (930-931), texts from the XII. Pan-slavic congress in Moscow, May 2015 (in Russian)" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2015-11-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-09-03 .
^ Comparative Slavic Studies Volume 6, by ????? ???????? ???? ?????? 19 ????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ "In other words, the Pan-Slavic resentment is not strange to the Russian Eurasianists, however, this is prevailingly limited to the post-Soviet space. Therein lies the difference between the Eurasians and the Russian radical nationalists in their contemporary attitude to Pan-Slavism. Radical nationalists are the only ones who follow up with the tradition and ideational message of the Central- and South-European Pan-Slavism of the tsarist Russia. Pan-Slavism serves as their tool for demonstrating decisive anti-Western attitudes and as an "historical" folklore employed in domestic-political battles, which sound so sweet to the Russian ear. The ideas of Pan-Slavism only find some echo with the part of some Serbian and partly Slovak nationalists" Alexander Duleba, "From Domination to Partnership - The perspectives of Russian-Central-East European Relations", Final Report to the ??? ???? ??????? Research Fellowship Program, 1996-1998 [1] ???? ?????? 3 ???? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

???? ????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ??????

??????????

[1] John M. Letiche and Basil Dmytryshyn: "Russian Statecraft: The Politika of Iurii Krizhanich", Oxford and New York, 1985

[2] Ivo Banac : "The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics" , Cornell University Press, 1988, pp. 71 ???? ?????? 14 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[3] The Eighteenth Century: A Current Bibliography . American Society for Eighteenth Century Studies. 1992. ?. 162. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-05-29. ... the work of some early "Panslavic" ideologues in the sixteenth (Pribojevic) and seventeenth (Gundulic, Komulovic, Kasic,...)

[4] Robert John Weston Evans, Chapter "Nationality in East-Central Europe: Perception and Definition before 1848." Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs: Essays on Central Europe, c.1683-1867. 2006.

[5] Yavus? M. Hakan? Sluglett? Peter (2011). War and Diplomacy: The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 and the Treaty of Berlin . Salt Lake City: University of Utah. ?. 1?2. ISBN : 1607811502 .

[Encyclopedia-6] Magocsi? Robert? Pop? Ivan? ???????? (2005)? "Austro-Slavism"? Encyclopedia of Rusyn History and Culture ? Toronto: University of Toronto Press? ?. 21

[7] Association of Serbian Philology: Hiljadugodi?nja 1863:4

[8] Ramet, Sabrina P.; The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918-2005 ; ????? ????? ??????? , 2006 ( ???? 0-253-34656-8 )

[9] Report about the XII. Pan-slavic congress in Moscow, May 2015 (in Russian) ???? ?????? 22 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[10] "Slavic Unity. Special issue of the news "Russky vestnik" Nr 16-17 (930-931), texts from the XII. Pan-slavic congress in Moscow, May 2015 (in Russian)" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2015-11-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-09-03 .

[11] Comparative Slavic Studies Volume 6, by ????? ???????? ???? ?????? 19 ????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[Duleba-12] "In other words, the Pan-Slavic resentment is not strange to the Russian Eurasianists, however, this is prevailingly limited to the post-Soviet space. Therein lies the difference between the Eurasians and the Russian radical nationalists in their contemporary attitude to Pan-Slavism. Radical nationalists are the only ones who follow up with the tradition and ideational message of the Central- and South-European Pan-Slavism of the tsarist Russia. Pan-Slavism serves as their tool for demonstrating decisive anti-Western attitudes and as an "historical" folklore employed in domestic-political battles, which sound so sweet to the Russian ear. The ideas of Pan-Slavism only find some echo with the part of some Serbian and partly Slovak nationalists" Alexander Duleba, "From Domination to Partnership - The perspectives of Russian-Central-East European Relations", Final Report to the ??? ???? ??????? Research Fellowship Program, 1996-1998 [1] ???? ?????? 3 ???? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

????? ?????

? ? ? ????????? ????? ?????? (1871?1913)
????? ??????	??????-????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????
?????????	????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???????
???????	????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????
????????? ???????????	?????? ????? (1871) ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? Taft?Katsura agreement ???????? ????? Martens Clause ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????
???????	????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? Weltpolitik ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????-?????? ????? German Naval Laws Austro-Italian ????? ????? Annexation of Hawaii ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????
??????	??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????