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??????? ( ???????? : Казаки ? ?????????? : Козаки ) ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????. [1] [2] [3] ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? . ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????.

????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????. ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????????. ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? . [4]

??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? ????????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?? ??? 1988? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????.

?? ????? ??? 2002 ??????? ???? 140,028 ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? 67,573 ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? 2010. ????? ?? ??? 3.5 ? 5 ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????.

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???? ??? ???? ≪???????≫ ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????. ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????. ????? ????? ?? ??????. ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????-?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????-????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ≪??????? ???????≫ ??? ??????-?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???. ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???????????.

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?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ≪???????????? ????≫. ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ≪????????? ???????≫. ????? ≪???????????? ????≫ ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???.

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?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? (????? ????? ?????? ???)? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 1645? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 1648? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???. ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????.

??????? ?? ??? ???????????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????. ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? 1812. ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????.

??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? 1917 ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? / ????? ?????? ??? 1919 ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????.

??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? (1941-1945) [ ??? ]

??? ??? 1936 ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? . ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1936 ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????. ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ??? 1943 ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????. ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????. ??? ??? 262 ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????.

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????? ??? ??? 1989 ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 1989 ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???. ??? ??? 1995 ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????. ??? ?? ??? 1998 ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????]] ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ≪??? ????? ??????≫. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? 3 ????? / ???? ??? 2008 ??? ≪?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????≫ ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????.

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  1. ^ "??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? d-nb.info" . d-nb.info. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-12.
  2. ^ "??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? britannica.com" . britannica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-08-20.
  3. ^ "??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? bigenc.ru" . bigenc.ru. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-12.
  4. ^ O'Rourke? Shane (2000). Warriors and peasants: The Don Cossacks in late imperial Russia . ISBN : 978-0-312-22774-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-02-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-11-10 .

http://arab.rbth.ru/arts/2013/06/27/23703.html

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