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	Ardipithecus kadabba fossils
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	Ardipithecus ; ??? ?. ???? et al.? 1995
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	† Ardipithecus kadabba ; † Ardipithecus ramidus
	????? ????? - ?????

??? ????? Ardipithecus ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? (????? ??????????? ) ???? ??? 4.4 ?? ????? ?????????? ??????. ^[3]

????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????.

??? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? 1994. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 4.4 ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????: ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????????.

??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? (?????? ????????). ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???. ^[4]

??? ???? 1992 ?1993? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? - ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? - ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? 1994? ???? ???? 45% ?? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ???? 1999 ?2003? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? 4.35 ?4.45 ????? ???. ^[5]

??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? 300 ?350 ??????? ????. ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? (???? ?????? ???? ??? 400 ?550 ??????? ????) ?????? 20% ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????. ^[6]

?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? (?????? ???????? ??????)? ?? ??????? ??????? ??/? ??????? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????. ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ^[7]

???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????. ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? 2009 ?? ??? ?????? ≪???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.≫ ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????. ^[5]

????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? Francisco J Ayala (24 Jun 2003). "Genera of the human lineage" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (???????????). 100 (13): 7688. Bibcode : 2003PNAS..100.7684C . DOI : 10.1073/PNAS.0832372100 . ISSN : 0027-8424 . PMC : 164648 . PMID : 12794185 . QID : Q28177674 . (erratum)
^ Tim D. White ; Gen Suwa; Berhane Asfaw (1995). "Erratum: Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia". Nature (???????????). 375 (6526): 88?88. DOI : 10.1038/375088A0 . ISSN : 1476-4687 . PMID : 7677838 . QID : Q55931737 .
^ Perlman? David (July 12, 2001). "Fossils From Ethiopia May Be Earliest Human Ancestor" . National Geographic News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 09 ????? 2017 . ???? ???? ?????? July 2009 . Another co-author is Tim D. White, a paleoanthropologist at UC-Berkeley who in 1994 discovered a pre-human fossil, named Ardipithecus ramidus, that was then the oldest known, at 4.4 million years. {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= ( ?????? )
^ Tyson? Peter (?????? 2009). "NOVA, Aliens from Earth: Who's who in human evolution" . PBS. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-03-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-10-08 .
^ ^? ^? #author.fullName}. "Canine teeth shrank in human ancestors at least 4.5 million years ago" . New Scientist (??????????? ?????????) . Retrieved 2021-12-01 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |??????= ???? ??? ( help ) ????? ?????????: ????? ?????: ????? ???????? ( link )
^ "Anthropologists find 4.5 million-year-old hominid fossils in Ethiopia" . Indiana University . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-03-18 .
^ Suwa? G.? Asfaw? B.? Kono? R. T.? Kubo? D.? Lovejoy? C. O.? White? T. D. (2009). "The Ardipithecus ramidus Skull and Its Implications for Hominid Origins" (PDF) . Science . ?. 326 ?. 5949: 68e1?7. Bibcode : 2009Sci...326...68S . DOI : 10.1126/science.1175825 . PMID : 19810194 . S2CID : 19725410 .

??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.
???? ?? ?? ???? ?????.

[wikidata-f20d14efd71a28285c39ddfbafc49d2e3bc6fa2f-1] ? ^? Francisco J Ayala (24 Jun 2003). "Genera of the human lineage" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (???????????). 100 (13): 7688. Bibcode : 2003PNAS..100.7684C . DOI : 10.1073/PNAS.0832372100 . ISSN : 0027-8424 . PMC : 164648 . PMID : 12794185 . QID : Q28177674 . (erratum)

[wikidata-934186349d18e26e9566f58ffb9601902ec990d5-2] Tim D. White ; Gen Suwa; Berhane Asfaw (1995). "Erratum: Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia". Nature (???????????). 375 (6526): 88?88. DOI : 10.1038/375088A0 . ISSN : 1476-4687 . PMID : 7677838 . QID : Q55931737 .

[NatGeo-News-3] Perlman? David (July 12, 2001). "Fossils From Ethiopia May Be Earliest Human Ancestor" . National Geographic News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 09 ????? 2017 . ???? ???? ?????? July 2009 . Another co-author is Tim D. White, a paleoanthropologist at UC-Berkeley who in 1994 discovered a pre-human fossil, named Ardipithecus ramidus, that was then the oldest known, at 4.4 million years. {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= ( ?????? )

[NOVA-4] Tyson? Peter (?????? 2009). "NOVA, Aliens from Earth: Who's who in human evolution" . PBS. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-03-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-10-08 .

[مولد_تلقائيا1-5] ? ^? #author.fullName}. "Canine teeth shrank in human ancestors at least 4.5 million years ago" . New Scientist (??????????? ?????????) . Retrieved 2021-12-01 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |??????= ???? ??? ( help ) ????? ?????????: ????? ?????: ????? ???????? ( link )

[6] "Anthropologists find 4.5 million-year-old hominid fossils in Ethiopia" . Indiana University . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-03-18 .

[Suwa_2009-7] Suwa? G.? Asfaw? B.? Kono? R. T.? Kubo? D.? Lovejoy? C. O.? White? T. D. (2009). "The Ardipithecus ramidus Skull and Its Implications for Hominid Origins" (PDF) . Science . ?. 326 ?. 5949: 68e1?7. Bibcode : 2009Sci...326...68S . DOI : 10.1126/science.1175825 . PMID : 19810194 . S2CID : 19725410 .

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