?????

??????? ????
?????	railway traction vehicle (en) ? ?????
????????	train driver's cab (en) ? ???? ????? ? ????

?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????.

?? ???? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? . ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????.

????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???????. ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? . ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????.

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ^[1] ??? 1803 ????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? . ^[2]

????? ??????? ???? ???? 1839 ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ^[1] ????? ≪???????≫ ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? 1829. ^[2]

??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1825. ^[1] ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????. ??? ?????? ?????. ^[2]

??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? . ^[1]^[2]

?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? 1895? ????? ??????? ?? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????. ??? ????? 1925 ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????. ^[1]^[2]