????? ??????? ???????

?? ?????????? ???????? ?????

????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ( ??????????? : :Ring galaxy )? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ≪???? ???≫ ?? ??? 1950 . ???? ?????? ?????? ???????. [1]

???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????:

??????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????
???? ???? ?????? ESO 350-40, PGC 2248 500 ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????
??? ??? PGC 54559, PRC D-51 600 ????? ??? ?????
SDSS J151713.93+213516.8 ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???
??? ?? 741-0644 AM 0644-741 300 ????? ??? ?????
?? ?? ?? 1291 NGC 1291, NGC 1269, [2] PGC 012209 33 ????? ??? ?????
?? ?? ?? 1533 NGC 1533, PGC 14582 [3] 62 ± 4 Mly [4]
?? ?? ?? 2859 UGC 5001, PGC 26649 82.8 ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? [5]
?? ?? ?? 4777 ?? ?? ?? 4777, PGC 43852
?? ?? ?? 7217 UGC 11914, PGC 68096 50 ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????
II Zw 28 [6] Zw II 28, 2MASX J05014205+0334278
??? ?????? Arp 148, VV 032, MCG+07-23-019, APG 148 450 ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????
I Zw 045 [7] I Zw 045, ?? ?? ?? 4774 ???? ????? ???????
VII Zw 466 [7] VII Zw 466, UGC 07683 ???? ????? ???????
Arp 10 [7] Arp 10, UGC 01775, [8] 2MASX J02182545+0539369 ???? ????? ???????
??? 147 IC 298 ????? ???? ?????
?? ?? ?? 4650? PGC 42951 ???? ?????-?????
?? ?? ?? 660 ???? ????? ?????
?? ?? ?? 922 ESO 478-28, ISG 10 150 ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ "Hoag's Object: A Strange Ring Galaxy" . ???? ????? ??????? . ???? and ????? ??????? ??????? . 9 ?????? 2002. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-01-21.
  2. ^ "NGC 1291" . Capella Observatory . 2005. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-09-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-04-01 .
  3. ^ "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database" . Results for NGC 1533 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-05-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-06-26 .
  4. ^ Ryan-Weber, Emma? Webster, Rachel? Bekki, Kenji (????? 2003). Jessica L. Rosenberg? Mary E. Putman (????????). Galactic Recycling: The HI Ring Around NGC 1533 . Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ?. 281. ?. 223. ISBN : 1-4020-1289-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-12. {{ ??????? ????? }} : |?????= ?????? ( ?????? )
  5. ^ "Lenticular Galaxy (NGC 2859)" . Calvin College. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-01-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-07-28 .
  6. ^ "Hubble Gazes on One Ring to Rule Them All" . NASA. 15 ???? 2013. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-05-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-07-28 .
  7. ^ ? ? ? Appleton? P. N.? Struck-Marcell? Curtis (1996). "Collisional Ring Galaxies" . Fundamentals of Cosmic Physics . ?. 16: 111?220. Bibcode : 1996FCPh...16..111A . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-03-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-07-29 .
  8. ^ 01775 "UGC 01775" . ?????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-01-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-07-29 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ???? ?? ???? |???? ?????= ( ?????? )
أيقونة بذرة

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