??????

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( ?????????? : Φειδ?α? )?
??????? ?????
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??????	??? 430 ? ? ; ????? ?????????? ? ?????????
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????? ?????	????? ??? ? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????
	????? ????? - ?????

?????? ( ?????????? : Φειδ?α?? ????? 480 - 430 ??? ??????? )? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ^[2] ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????.

???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???????. ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??.

?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????. ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????. ^[3]^[4]

??????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????.

????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? (???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????). ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????. ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???????????. ^[6] ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????. ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????.

?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

?? ??? 447 ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? (490 ??? ???????). ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? 434 ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????????.

?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? $\varphi$ (???)? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????????.

????? ???? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ? ???? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????.

???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? (????? 432 ??? ???????) ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? (????? ≪????? ???????≫)? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????. ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????.

???? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? . ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????. ^[6] ??? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????. ^[7] ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????. ^[8]

?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????.

???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? 450-440 ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? . ???? ???? ≪???? ????? ?????? ????≫. ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????.

?????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 480 ?.? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????. ^[9] ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???. ^[10]

????? ?????? ???? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? 1954?1958 ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ≪????? ????≫ "Φειδ?ου ε?μ?" ? ≪??? ??? ??????≫? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???. ^[11]^[12]^[13] ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????.

?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???. (????? ??????? ?????????? 1911)

???? [ ??? ]

??? ???????. ????? ??????
????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????
???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????: ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????
????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?????
??? ?????? ???? ???????
??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? 1995 ????? ??? ??????? ??? 2003.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????

^ ????? ?????? ??????? ? QID : Q10855166
^ Birte Lundgreen, "A Methodological Enquiry: The Great Bronze Athena by Phidias" The Journal of Hellenic Studies
^ Phidias ???? ?????? 2008-12-08 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Bertrand Russell, ????? ??????? ??????? (????) , Chapter 10, Protagoras, page 95
^ "Replica of The Hemicycle" . ???? ?????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-12.
^ ^? ^? Spivey? Nigel (1996). Understanding Greek sculpture : ancient meanings, modern readings . New York: Thames and Hudson. ?. 154. ISBN : 0500278768 . OCLC : 36645523 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-11.
^ Spivey? Nigel (1996). Understanding Greek sculpture : ancient meanings, modern readings . New York: Thames and Hudson. ?. 158. ISBN : 0500278768 . OCLC : 36645523 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-11.
^ Clayton? Peter A? Price? Martin (2013). The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World . Routledge. ?. 62?63. ISBN : 978-1-136-74810-3 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-17.
^ ???? ???? ?????, ????; ???? (1 Jan 2021). ???? ???? (ed.). ?????? ? ???? ?????? ? ????? ? ????? (??????). ?????: ??? ?????? ?????? ?????. {{ ??????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: ??? ??? ?????? ( link )
^ ???? ?????, ?????; ????? (1 Aug 2001). ???? ????? (ed.). ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? (?????). ?????: ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????. {{ ??????? ????? }}: |???= ?????? ( help ) and ????? ?????? ?? |???= ( help ) ????? ?????????: ??? ??? ?????? ( link )
^ "Phidias", Oxford Dictionary of Art, e-Notes.com ???? ?????? 2011-05-27 ?? Wayback Machine
^ K. Kris Hirst, " A Walking Tour of Olympia, Greece ," about.com ???? ?????? 2015-04-04 ?? Wayback Machine
^ " Olympia, Workshop of Pheidias ^{[
???? ??????
]}," Perseus Building Catalog, about.com "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-09-21 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

?????

Andrew Stewart, One Hundred Greek Sculptors: Their Careers and Extant Works, Part III of Stewart's Greek Sculpture , ( ????? ????? ??? ) ( on-line text at Perseus ).
Pia Figueroa, " on Phideas ^{[
???? ??????
]}," (PDF file) English translation with references

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

Phidias as a First Name in USA

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ??????

[wikidata-3b2e627b2fcf362c6f62e0dd937cf91febe05ba5-1] ????? ?????? ??????? ? QID : Q10855166

[2] Birte Lundgreen, "A Methodological Enquiry: The Great Bronze Athena by Phidias" The Journal of Hellenic Studies

[3] Phidias ???? ?????? 2008-12-08 ?? Wayback Machine

[4] Bertrand Russell, ????? ??????? ??????? (????) , Chapter 10, Protagoras, page 95

[5] "Replica of The Hemicycle" . ???? ?????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-12.

[مولد_تلقائيا1-6] ? ^? Spivey? Nigel (1996). Understanding Greek sculpture : ancient meanings, modern readings . New York: Thames and Hudson. ?. 154. ISBN : 0500278768 . OCLC : 36645523 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-11.

[7] Spivey? Nigel (1996). Understanding Greek sculpture : ancient meanings, modern readings . New York: Thames and Hudson. ?. 158. ISBN : 0500278768 . OCLC : 36645523 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-11.

[ClaytonPrice2013-8] Clayton? Peter A? Price? Martin (2013). The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World . Routledge. ?. 62?63. ISBN : 978-1-136-74810-3 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-17.

[9] ???? ???? ?????, ????; ???? (1 Jan 2021). ???? ???? (ed.). ?????? ? ???? ?????? ? ????? ? ????? (??????). ?????: ??? ?????? ?????? ?????. {{ ??????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: ??? ??? ?????? ( link )

[10] ???? ?????, ?????; ????? (1 Aug 2001). ???? ????? (ed.). ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? (?????). ?????: ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????. {{ ??????? ????? }}: |???= ?????? ( help ) and ????? ?????? ?? |???= ( help ) ????? ?????????: ??? ??? ?????? ( link )

[11] "Phidias", Oxford Dictionary of Art, e-Notes.com ???? ?????? 2011-05-27 ?? Wayback Machine

[12] K. Kris Hirst, " A Walking Tour of Olympia, Greece ," about.com ???? ?????? 2015-04-04 ?? Wayback Machine

[13] " Olympia, Workshop of Pheidias ^{[
???? ??????
]}," Perseus Building Catalog, about.com "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-09-21 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

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