??? ???????

??? ???????
	?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
???	2011?14 (?????? ??????) ; 2014? ???? (????? ?????? ???????)
??????????	????? ?????? ; ?????? ?????????
????	???? ?????? ??????
??????	??????? ??????
????	??? ????? ? (???? ????? ???????? ??????) ; ???? ???? ????? ? ;
????	??? ?????
????? ????????	?????
??? ??	????? ???????
?????
	?????? ??????? ??????? ; ??? ???? ; ???? ???? ????????
????
	???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ; ????? ?????? ????????? ; ???????
????? ?????
	????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ; ???????? ?????? ???????? (2012?14) ; ???? ???????? (????? 2015) ; ???? ???????? (?????? 2015) ; ???? ?????-????? (??????????? 2016) ; ???? ???? (???? 2016) ; ???? ?????-????? (????? 2016) ; ???? ???????? (?????? 2016) ; ???? ???? (?????? 2016) ; ???? ??????? (2017) ; ???? ???? 2017 ; ???? ???? (2017) ; ???? ???? ??? (2017) ; ???? ???????? (????? 2017) ;
	????? ????? - ?????

??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??. ^[1]

??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? 2011? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????. ?? ?????? 2011? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????. ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????/?????? ???????? ^[16] ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ^[17]

?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? 2015? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ^[7] ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???. ^[18] ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????. ^[19] ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ^[20]^[21]^[22] ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???????. ^[23]

?? ?????? 2015? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????. ^[24]^[25]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Al-Sayyed's position within the regiment is disputed. He has been described as commander by news agencies, ^[5] while the unit's leadership insists that he was "a fighter with no particular rank". ^[2]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? ^? ^? Inside Assad's Syria (2015) .
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Nour Samaha (3 ????? 2017). "How these Syrians went from opposition fighters to pro-regime militiamen" . ????????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-04-05 .
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Albin Szakola (28 ????? 2016). "Pro-Assad militia says hit by Israel" . NOW . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-11-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .
^ Leith Fadel (18 ????? 2017). "Leader of prominent pro-government force has died in Golan Heights" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-06-22 .
^ David Daoud (21 ???? 2017). "Israel Carries Out Two Strikes Against Assad Regime, Hezbollah Targets in Syria" . Long War Journal . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-03-22 .
^ Syrian Army beats back jihadist forces in Golan Heights despite Israeli aggression ???? ?????? 2018-06-12 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ^? ^? Leith Fadel (18 ????? 2015). "Militant Offensive in Al-Quneitra Fails to Yield Any Gains" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .
^ Leith Fadel (4 ?????? 2015). "Syrian Army Repels the Islamist Rebels at Tal Al-Ahmar in the Golan Heights" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .
^ Leith Fadel (11 ?????? 2016). "Syrian Army enters Raqqa after liberating the Zakiyah Crossroad, 47 km to Tabaqa: map" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .
^ Leith Fadel (22 ???? 2016). "More reinforcements pour into Palmyra as the Syrian Army prepares to storm the city" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .
^ Leith Fadel (2 ????? 2016). "Developing: Syrian Army reaches the Raqqa border" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-08 .
^ Leith Fadel (29 ????? 2016). "[Video] Syrian Army beats back the jihadist rebels in the Golan" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-11-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .
^ Ivan Yakovlev (12 ?????? 2016). "Syrian Army repels first ISIS assault on T-4 Airbase, prepares for a second wave" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-08 .
^ ^? ^? "Pro-Assad Militia Commander Killed in Quneitra Suicide Blast" . The Syrian Observer . 21 ????? 2017. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-06-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-06-22 .
^ Leith Fadel (25 ????? 2017). "Syrian Army beats back jihadist forces in Golan Heights despite Israeli aggression" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-06-26 .
^ Leith Fadel (13 ?????? 2015). "Syrian Army and Popular Committees Recapture Strategic Hilltop in the Golan Heights" . al-Masdar News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .
^ Aymenn Al-Tamimi (15 ?????? 2015). "Aymenn Jawad al-Tamimi: More On The Druze Militias in Southern Syria" . Syria Comment. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-07-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .
^ Leith Fadel (19 ????? 2015). "Breaking: Syrian Army Recaptures Tal Hamr in Al-Quneitra; Siege of Hadar Lifted" . al-Masdar News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .
^ Leith Fadel (20 ????? 2015). "Intense Firefights Erupt in the Golan Heights" . al-Masdar News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .
^ Leith Fadel (7 ????? 2015). "Southern Front Offensives in Al-Quneitra, Dara'a and Al-Sweida has been Forestalled" . al-Masdar News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .
^ Leith Fadel (12 ????? 2015). "Southern Front Conducts Another Large Assault on the Golan Heights and Dara'a City" . al-Masdar News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .
^ Leith Fadel (27 ????? 2015). "Syrian Army Captures Tal Qaba'a Near the Israeli Bordder" . al-Masdar News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .
^ "New Al-Quneitra offensive gets off to a fast start" . al-Masdar News. 22 ????? 2015. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .
^ Leith Fadel (27 ?????? 2015). "Islamist Rebels Rebuff Reconciliation Offer and Launch an Offensive in the Golan Heights" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-09-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .
^ Leith Fadel (29 ?????? 2015). "Islamist Rebels Launch a Major Offensive in the Golan With the Help of Israel" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

Smith, Martin ; Hirsch, Linda (27 Oct 2015). "Inside Assad's Syria" . Frontline . Season 33. Episode 18 (???????????). ?? ?? ?? . Archived from the original on 2019-11-03. Transcript .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

Daraa governate 18/12/2011. Defectors form Al-Mu'tasim Battalion of the Free Syrian Army . ??????? ???? ? 18 ?????? 2011

[fn1-6] Al-Sayyed's position within the regiment is disputed. He has been described as commander by news agencies, ^[5] while the unit's leadership insists that he was "a fighter with no particular rank". ^[2]

[FOOTNOTEInside_Assad's_Syria2015-1] ? ^? ^? ^? Inside Assad's Syria (2015) .

[defection-2] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Nour Samaha (3 ????? 2017). "How these Syrians went from opposition fighters to pro-regime militiamen" . ????????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-04-05 .

[israel-3] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Albin Szakola (28 ????? 2016). "Pro-Assad militia says hit by Israel" . NOW . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-11-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .

[leader_died-4] Leith Fadel (18 ????? 2017). "Leader of prominent pro-government force has died in Golan Heights" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-06-22 .

[two_strikes-5] David Daoud (21 ???? 2017). "Israel Carries Out Two Strikes Against Assad Regime, Hezbollah Targets in Syria" . Long War Journal . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-03-22 .

[7] Syrian Army beats back jihadist forces in Golan Heights despite Israeli aggression ???? ?????? 2018-06-12 ?? Wayback Machine

[yield-8] ? ^? Leith Fadel (18 ????? 2015). "Militant Offensive in Al-Quneitra Fails to Yield Any Gains" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .

[Ahmar-9] Leith Fadel (4 ?????? 2015). "Syrian Army Repels the Islamist Rebels at Tal Al-Ahmar in the Golan Heights" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .

[zakiyah-10] Leith Fadel (11 ?????? 2016). "Syrian Army enters Raqqa after liberating the Zakiyah Crossroad, 47 km to Tabaqa: map" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .

[pour-11] Leith Fadel (22 ???? 2016). "More reinforcements pour into Palmyra as the Syrian Army prepares to storm the city" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .

[raqqa_border-12] Leith Fadel (2 ????? 2016). "Developing: Syrian Army reaches the Raqqa border" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-08 .

[golan_beat-13] Leith Fadel (29 ????? 2016). "[Video] Syrian Army beats back the jihadist rebels in the Golan" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-11-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .

[Palmyra_december-14] Ivan Yakovlev (12 ?????? 2016). "Syrian Army repels first ISIS assault on T-4 Airbase, prepares for a second wave" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-08 .

[commander_killed-15] ? ^? "Pro-Assad Militia Commander Killed in Quneitra Suicide Blast" . The Syrian Observer . 21 ????? 2017. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-06-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-06-22 .

[despite-16] Leith Fadel (25 ????? 2017). "Syrian Army beats back jihadist forces in Golan Heights despite Israeli aggression" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-06-26 .

[popular-17] Leith Fadel (13 ?????? 2015). "Syrian Army and Popular Committees Recapture Strategic Hilltop in the Golan Heights" . al-Masdar News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .

[18] Aymenn Al-Tamimi (15 ?????? 2015). "Aymenn Jawad al-Tamimi: More On The Druze Militias in Southern Syria" . Syria Comment. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-07-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .

[19] Leith Fadel (19 ????? 2015). "Breaking: Syrian Army Recaptures Tal Hamr in Al-Quneitra; Siege of Hadar Lifted" . al-Masdar News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .

[20] Leith Fadel (20 ????? 2015). "Intense Firefights Erupt in the Golan Heights" . al-Masdar News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .

[21] Leith Fadel (7 ????? 2015). "Southern Front Offensives in Al-Quneitra, Dara'a and Al-Sweida has been Forestalled" . al-Masdar News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-05 .

[22] Leith Fadel (12 ????? 2015). "Southern Front Conducts Another Large Assault on the Golan Heights and Dara'a City" . al-Masdar News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .

[23] Leith Fadel (27 ????? 2015). "Syrian Army Captures Tal Qaba'a Near the Israeli Bordder" . al-Masdar News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .

[24] "New Al-Quneitra offensive gets off to a fast start" . al-Masdar News. 22 ????? 2015. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .

[25] Leith Fadel (27 ?????? 2015). "Islamist Rebels Rebuff Reconciliation Offer and Launch an Offensive in the Golan Heights" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-09-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .

[26] Leith Fadel (29 ?????? 2015). "Islamist Rebels Launch a Major Offensive in the Golan With the Help of Israel" . ?????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-06 .

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