?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????
?????
???? ??????
??????? ???? ????? ?????
?????
??? ????? ??????
?????? ???????
??
??????
?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????.
???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??
????? ????????
?????
????? ?????? ??????
? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ≪????≫ ??????? ??? ?????
????? ???????
???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? 1000 ?.?. ??? ????? ??? ???
???????????? ?????????
???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ≪???? ??????≫ ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? (??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?.?.) ??? ?????.
[1]
???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? 150 ???????? ?? ????????.
[2]
????
?????? ??????
??
????????
????????
???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???
????? ????
? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ≪???? ??????≫ ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??
????????
.
[3]
???? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????.
[4]
????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???????. ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??
???? ????
? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ≪??? ??????≫? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????.
???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? (????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????) ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??
????? ??????????
??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????
????? ???????
? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????. ??? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????.
????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????: ≪????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????≫.
[5]
????? ????
[
???
]
??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ≪
????????
≫ ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????????. ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???
????? ???????
?????? ???? ????????? ???. ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????.
[6]
??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????.
????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????.
???? ???? ≪???≫ ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? 1607. ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????????. ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?≪????????≫? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ≪?????? ??????≫? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ≪??????? ?????????≫ ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? 1829 ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ≪??????? ??????≫.
??????? ?? ??? ???????
[
???
]
???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? (?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????) ??
????? ???????
???????? ?????? ??? 800-400 ?.?. ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ≪???????≫ ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??
??????
?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? 4000 ???. ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????.
???? ?????
[
???
]
?????
[
???
]
- ^
Megaws, for example; see their introductory section, where they explain the situation & that their article will only cover the La Tene period.
- ^
"Technologies of Enchantment: Early Celtic Art in Britain"
.
?????? ?????????
. ????? ??
?????
?? 2012-08-04.
It is also used by Jacobsthal; however the equivalent "Late Celtic art" for Early Medieval work is much rarer, and "Late Celtic art" can also mean the later part of the prehistoric period.
- ^
Laings, 6-12
- ^
Megaws
- ^
Johns, 24
- ^
Sykes, Brian "Saxons, Vikings, and Celts" (2008) W.W. Norton & Co. NY, pp. 281?284.
