???? ??????
(Gothic art) ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??
?????? ???????????
?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????.
[2]
????? ?? ???? ?????
?????? ???????
?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????
?????
?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????????.?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????.?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????
???????
? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????. ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????.
[3]
??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????
??? ??????
???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????.
???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????. ???? ??????? ???
???? ???????
? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????????. ????? ???
???? ???????
?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????
??????????
.
????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????. ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????. ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????.
??????
[
???
]
??? ???? ?????? ??
??? ?? ?????
? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??
????????? ??? ????
???? ????? ???? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ????? ????????? -?????? ?????????? ?????????????- ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????.
[4]
[5]
??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???
????????
???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????.
????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????
???????
?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? -??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????- ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????. ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????????.
????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ??
??? ???????
? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????. ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? (???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????). ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???.
[6]
??? ???????
[
???
]
???????? ???? ≪????≫ ?? ???? ?????? ????? ≪?????≫ ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??
?????? ??????
??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????. ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 410 ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???. ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ≪????????≫ ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????.
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
??????? ??? ≪???????≫ ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 1518 ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? 1530? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ≪?????? ???? ??????≫. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????. ???? ≪???? ??????≫ ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ?????? ??? ???????:
[11]
[8]
?????? ?????? ?????? ????????
????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????
???? ?????? ???? ???? ????????.
????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ≪????? ???????≫? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????.
?????
[
???
]
?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? 1200? ?? ??? ??? 50 ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????. ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????. ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? 1200? ??? ??????? ??? ??? 1220 ???????? ??? ??? 1900. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????: ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????.
???? ????
[
???
]
?????
[
???
]
- Calkins, Robert G.; Monuments of Medieval Art, Dutton, 1979,
ISBN 0-525-47561-3
- Cherry, John. The Holy Thorn Reliquary, 2010, British Museum Press (British Museum objects in focus),
ISBN 0-7141-2820-1
- Cherry, John, in Marks, Richard and Williamson, Paul, eds. Gothic: Art for England 1400-1547, 2003, V&A Publications, London,
ISBN 1-85177-401-7
- Henderson, George. Gothic, 1967, Penguin,
ISBN 0-14-020806-2
- Hugh Honour and John Fleming, A World History of Art, 1st edn. 1982 (many later editions), Macmillan, London, page refs to 1984 Macmillan 1st edn. paperback.
ISBN 0-333-37185-2
- Olson, Roberta J.M., Italian Renaissance Sculpture, 1992, Thames & Hudson (World of Art),
ISBN 0500202531
- Robinson, James, Masterpieces of Medieval Art, 2008, British Museum Press,
ISBN 978-0-7141-2815-3
- Snyder, James. Northern Renaissance Art, 1985, Harry N. Abrams,
ISBN 0-13-623596-4
?????
[
???
]
- ^
?
?
"
Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
"
(???????????). 2005
. Retrieved
2019-01-03
.
- ^
Gothic Art | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
???? ??????
2017-12-19 ??
Wayback Machine
- ^
Gothic Art And Architecture
???? ??????
2017-06-29 ??
Wayback Machine
- ^
Stokstad (2005), 516.
- ^
Stokstad (2005), 544.
- ^
Emile Male
, The Gothic Image, Religious Art in France of the Thirteenth Century, p 165-8, English trans of 3rd edn, 1913, Collins, London (and many other editions) is a classic work on French Gothic church art
- ^
"Gothic art"
.
Encyclopedia Britannica
(???????????). Archived from
the original
on 2019-10-19
. Retrieved
2017-06-22
.
- ^
?
?
History of Architecture
Fiske Kimball, George Harold Edgell p. 275
???? ??????
2020-01-19 ??
Wayback Machine
- ^
E. S. de Beer,
Gothic: Origin and Diffusion of the Term; The Idea of Style in Architecture
in
Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
, Vol.11, 1948, pp. 143?62
- ^
Vasari on technique
p.135
???? ??????
2020-01-18 ??
Wayback Machine
- ^
The art of the sublime: principles of Christian art and architecture
by Roger Homan p. 70
[1]
???? ??????
2020-01-19 ??
Wayback Machine