???? ??????

?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? .

?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ? ????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ? ????????? ??????? ^[5] ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? .

?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? . ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????: ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????.

?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????:

?????? ???????

?????? ???????

???? ????? [ ??? ]

???????? ?????

??????? [ ??? ]

^ " Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Seven Liberal Arts ". ???????? ??????????? .
^ ????? ??: New International Encyclopedia . ??? ??: see described by source (P1343) of quadrivium (Q273822). ??????: ???? ??? ????. ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ??????????. ????? ?????: 1902.
^ ????? ??: ????????? . ??? ??: see described by source (P1343) of quadrivium (Q273822). ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ?????????. ??????????: ???????.
^ " Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Seven Liberal Arts ". ???????? ??????????? .
^ "Liberal Arts: Encyclopedia Britannica Concise" . ?????? ????????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-02-15.

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ??????

??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[3effb66a4025a9c747d76c39c41e9b74d23279ee-1] " Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Seven Liberal Arts ". ???????? ??????????? .

[38dfa5482a45c038ecf121f07c8a0cabad42e0e7-2] ????? ??: New International Encyclopedia . ??? ??: see described by source (P1343) of quadrivium (Q273822). ??????: ???? ??? ????. ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ??????????. ????? ?????: 1902.

[3da4e3be9bcedac4f157760e9ff80ec5132c4cc2-3] ????? ??: ????????? . ??? ??: see described by source (P1343) of quadrivium (Q273822). ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ?????????. ??????????: ???????.

[ad896563fd68ff2710bcbda061d11b4b899a7bc5-4] " Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Seven Liberal Arts ". ???????? ??????????? .

[5] "Liberal Arts: Encyclopedia Britannica Concise" . ?????? ????????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-02-15.

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