????

????
????
	????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???????
????? ?????
?????	?????????
????? ??	?????? ???????? ; ????? ???? ‏ ; ????? ????
???????	????? ????
????????	?????? ????
????? ???????
????????	33°32′57″N 68°25′24″E / 33.549166666667°N 68.423333333333°E
????????	2219 ?
??????
??????? ???????	143,379 ???? (????? 2015)
??????? ????
??????? ??????	???????
???????	????? ????????? (+4:30 ??????? )
????? ????????	1141269
	????? ????? - ?????

????? ( ????? ) ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? (963-1187)

??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? . ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????. ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????: ???? ≪??????≫ ?? ?????? ????? ≪??? ????? ???????≫ ????? ??? (773??). ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? . ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? 2013 ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? . ^[3]^[4]

??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ???? ( ????????? ) ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? 1839 ? .

????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? 329 ??? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? .?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? (??? 998-1030)? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? .

??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? 1333 ??????? ???? ????:

≪?? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????. ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????.≫

??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????. ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? 43 ? (140 ???) ???? ?365 (1?200 ???) ??? ???. ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ≪????? ?????≫ ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????.

????? [ ??? ]

^ "???? ???? ?? GeoNames ID" . GeoNames ID . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-04 .
^ "The State of Afghan Cities Report 2015" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-10-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-10-21 .
^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "????: ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? | DW | 05.02.2013" . DW.COM (?ar-AE). Archived from the original on 2019-06-24 . Retrieved 2019-6-24 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: ??? ??? ?????? ( link )
^ "?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????" (??????????? ??????????). 14 Jun 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-07-05 . Retrieved 2019-6-24 .

????? ??? ???? .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??? ???? ????.??

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????

[GeoNames_ID-1] "???? ???? ?? GeoNames ID" . GeoNames ID . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-04 .

[2] "The State of Afghan Cities Report 2015" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-10-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-10-21 .

[3] Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "????: ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? | DW | 05.02.2013" . DW.COM (?ar-AE). Archived from the original on 2019-06-24 . Retrieved 2019-6-24 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: ??? ??? ?????? ( link )

[4] "?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????" (??????????? ??????????). 14 Jun 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-07-05 . Retrieved 2019-6-24 .

[1]

[3]

[4]

? ? ? ??????
?? ????? ??? (??? 879?1215)	???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? Ala al-Din Atsiz Ala al-Din Ali
?? ???? (1151-1152?1173?1215)	???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? Ala al-Din Muhammad ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? Ala al-Din Atsiz Ala al-Din Ali
?? ?????? (1152?1215)	Fakhr al-Din Masud Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Masud Abbas ibn Muhammad Baha al-Din Sam II Jalal al-Din Ali
?????? ??????	Ala al-Din Ali ( ??????? ? 1200-1204 ) Taj al-Din Zangi ( ???? ? 1200-1204 )