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???????	30 May 2003 ? 1 September 2003
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????:Campaignbox Ituri Conflict ????:Campaignbox Conflict in Congo

????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??????. ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ≪????? ???????≫? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ^[3] ^[4] ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? .

????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? . ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? 2003. ^[5]

?????? ?? ???? ?????? 2003 [ ??? ]

?? ??? 2003? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????. ^[6] ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? 1994. ^[7] ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? / ?????? 2003? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? 1484 ?? 30 ???? / ???? 2003 ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????. ^[1]

???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ??? 2003? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? 1999 ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? .

??? ?????? 7000 ???? ?????? ?? ????? 2003 ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ?? ????? 2003? ?? ??? 800 ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? . ?? ???? 2003? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????.

?????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????. ?? 30 ???? 2003? ????? ???? ????? ?????? 1484 ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????.

???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ≪?????? ???????≫ ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? (900 ?? 1400 ????) ^[8] ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???. ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? . ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????. ^[9]

?????? ????????: ?????? ? ???????? ? ???? ? ????? ? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ^{[
????? ?????
]}
????? ????? ???????: ?????? ? ???? ? ????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ? ????????? ? ?????? ? ???????? ? ??????? ? ???????

?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? 12 ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ??? 1 ????? / ?????? 2003? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? 1493 .

??? ???????? ?????? ?????? 1800 ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? 2003? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. ^[5]

??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? 2003 ? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????. ^[5] ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? - ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? . ^[10]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ???????
???? ??????

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? Steele? Jonathan (31 ???? 2003). "UN sends troops to stop Congo massacres" . ????????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-10-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-07-11 .
^ Sjoera Dikkers & Roeland Muskens (9 Sep 2003). "Nederlandse troepen naar Grote Meren" . Trouw (??????????). Archived from the original on 2018-05-04 . Retrieved 2015-07-11 .
^ Turke 2008, p. 4
^ Turke 2016, p. 53-106
^ ^? ^? ^? "DR Congo (Zaire) > Non-state Conflict > Hema - Lendu > Summary" . Conflict Encyclopedia . Uppsala Conflict Data Program . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-07-12 .
^ "Q&A: DR Congo's ethnic flashpoint" . ?? ?? ?? ???? . 15 ???? 2003. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-08-18.
^ Barringer? Felicity (13 ???? 2003). "U.N. Council May Request Foreign Force For Congo" . ??????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-10-17.
^ "Groen licht voor EU-missie Congo" . Trouw (??????????). 5 Jun 2003. Archived from the original on 2018-06-27 . Retrieved 2015-07-11 .
^ "Svar operation i Kongo" [Difficult operation in Congo] (?????????). ?????? ??????? ???????? . 4 Apr 2008. Archived from the original on 2018-10-06 . Retrieved 2016-06-01 .
^ Koutrakos? Panos (2013). The EU Common Security and Defence Policy . Oxford: ??? ??? ????? ??????? . ?. 109?110. ISBN : 978-0-19-969272-9 .

???? [ ??? ]

Andras Istvan Turke ? La geopolitique des premieres Mission de l?Union europeenne en Afrique? Paris : L`Harmattan? 2016 [2)
Turke ? Andras Istvan ? ????? ARTEMIS ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ? ??????? CERPESC ? 07 / AF / 02/2008 - 21 ????? 2008

[Steele-1] ? ^? Steele? Jonathan (31 ???? 2003). "UN sends troops to stop Congo massacres" . ????????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-10-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-07-11 .

[Dikkers-2] Sjoera Dikkers & Roeland Muskens (9 Sep 2003). "Nederlandse troepen naar Grote Meren" . Trouw (??????????). Archived from the original on 2018-05-04 . Retrieved 2015-07-11 .

[3] Turke 2008, p. 4

[4] Turke 2016, p. 53-106

[Uppsala-5] ? ^? ^? "DR Congo (Zaire) > Non-state Conflict > Hema - Lendu > Summary" . Conflict Encyclopedia . Uppsala Conflict Data Program . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-07-12 .

[6] "Q&A: DR Congo's ethnic flashpoint" . ?? ?? ?? ???? . 15 ???? 2003. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-08-18.

[7] Barringer? Felicity (13 ???? 2003). "U.N. Council May Request Foreign Force For Congo" . ??????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-10-17.

[8] "Groen licht voor EU-missie Congo" . Trouw (??????????). 5 Jun 2003. Archived from the original on 2018-06-27 . Retrieved 2015-07-11 .

[9] "Svar operation i Kongo" [Difficult operation in Congo] (?????????). ?????? ??????? ???????? . 4 Apr 2008. Archived from the original on 2018-10-06 . Retrieved 2016-06-01 .

[Koutrakos-10] Koutrakos? Panos (2013). The EU Common Security and Defence Policy . Oxford: ??? ??? ????? ??????? . ?. 109?110. ISBN : 978-0-19-969272-9 .

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