????? ????

??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ^[1] ( ????? : ????????? ???????) ^[1] ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? 15 ??? 45 ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? .

????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? 50 ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? .

??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? (??? G ?????? ???????? ?M ?????? ???????).

??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ??? ?????? . ^[2]

???? ??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? -?? ???? ?????- ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? . ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? 2 ????? ????. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????.

?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? 4.5 ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? : 76 % ????????? ? 23 % ?? ???????? ???? 1 % ?? ????? ????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? 5 ??????? ?? ??????. ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? 30 ????? ???? ??? 50 ????? ?? ??? 100 ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? . ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????.

????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? 3 ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???.

????? ??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? K ? M ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? 3330 ???? (????? ????? ???? M5 ) ??? 4750 ???? (????? ????? ???? K0 ) . ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? R?? S ?? N ? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? 1900 ??? 5400 ???? ???? ?????? ????-???? ???? 1982 .

?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? 5780 ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????.

????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? K ? M ?? -0.4 ??? 0.7 ? ? ????????? ?????? 4.8 ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? 100 ??? . ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????? K ? M ?? -2.6 ??? 0.4 ? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? 4.8 ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? 1000 ??? . ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????.

????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????????-???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????.

?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????? .

???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ^[3] ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????. ^[4] ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? (??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????).

??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ? ??? ???????? ?????? (???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? 50 ?? 100 ??? ) ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????-???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? II .

?????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????	?????	??? ?????	??????
???????	2,5 M _?	25 R _?	156 L _?
???? ??????	1.08 M _?	25 R _?	210 L _?
???? ???? ^[??????????]	3 M _?	133 R _?	1.500 L _?
?????	10?11 M _?	150 R _?	6.700 L _?
Y ????????? ^[??????????]	3 M _?	215 R _?	4.400 L _?
???? ????	3 M _?	84 R _?	1.800 L _?
????	1.2 M _?	400 R _?	8.400 L _?
??? ??????	7?8 M _?	300 R _?	17.000 L _?

?????? ????? [ ??? ]

??? 5 ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? -??? ?????? ????- ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ?????? ≪????? ????????≫ ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????. ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?? (2013). "???????? ???????". ???????? ??????? (?. 2). ?????: ??? ????? ??????. ?. 50. ISBN : 978-9953-61-244-7 . OCLC : 1291978681 . QID : Q123671256 .
^ ????? - ????? ???? ??????? - ????? 1971?.
^ "Main-Sequence Stars" . Stars . The Astrophysics Spectator. 16 ?????? 2005. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2006-12-29 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? |?????= ????? |??????= ( ?????? )
^ Richmond? Michael. "Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2006-12-29 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? author-name-list parameters ???? ???? ?? ??? ( ?????? )

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ????

[:0-1] ? ^? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?? (2013). "???????? ???????". ???????? ??????? (?. 2). ?????: ??? ????? ??????. ?. 50. ISBN : 978-9953-61-244-7 . OCLC : 1291978681 . QID : Q123671256 .

[2] ????? - ????? ???? ??????? - ????? 1971?.

[3] "Main-Sequence Stars" . Stars . The Astrophysics Spectator. 16 ?????? 2005. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2006-12-29 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? |?????= ????? |??????= ( ?????? )

[4] Richmond? Michael. "Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2006-12-29 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? author-name-list parameters ???? ???? ?? ??? ( ?????? )

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