????? ??????

????? ?????? ^[1] ?? ????? ???? ( ??????????? : Silhouette sign )?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? . ^[2] ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? . ^[3] ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? - ?????? ?? ??? ??? - ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????. ^[4] ?? ???? ??? -??? ???? ??????- ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ^[3]

????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????.

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^ ????? ?????? ? ???????. ???? ?????? 2019-04-04 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Silouette Sign , 2008, Family Practice Notebook, LLC. Retrieved 9 February 2010. ???? ?????? 2019-03-27 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ^? ^? The silhouette sign and possible mechanisms , Ian Maddison Nov 1994, revised Nov. 2007. Retrieved 9 February 2010. ???? ?????? 2010-02-21 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Corne? ?????? (2002). Chest X-Ray Made Easy . Churchill Livingstone. ISBN : 978-0-443-07008-2 .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

The Silhouette Sign Revisited , Vernon J. Louw, Adrian Schmidt, Chris T. Bolliger. Lung Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
The silhouette sign and possible mechanisms , Ian Maddison Nov 1994, revised Nov. 2007.
Silhouette Sign

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??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] ????? ?????? ? ???????. ???? ?????? 2019-04-04 ?? Wayback Machine

[2] Silouette Sign , 2008, Family Practice Notebook, LLC. Retrieved 9 February 2010. ???? ?????? 2019-03-27 ?? Wayback Machine

[lsbu-3] ? ^? The silhouette sign and possible mechanisms , Ian Maddison Nov 1994, revised Nov. 2007. Retrieved 9 February 2010. ???? ?????? 2010-02-21 ?? Wayback Machine

[4] Corne? ?????? (2002). Chest X-Ray Made Easy . Churchill Livingstone. ISBN : 978-0-443-07008-2 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]