???

????? ( ??????????? : Fold )? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???. ^[1]^[2]^[3]

????? ????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? Fold Axis: ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? .
????? ????? Fold Limb: ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????.
??????? ??????? Axial Plane: ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????.

????? ??????: ????? ??????? ????? ???????

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? Anticline: ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????.

??? ????? Syncline: ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????.

??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? Symmetrical Fold: ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? (??????? ????????) ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????????.
??? ??? ??????? Asymmetrical fold: ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? (??????? ????????) ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?????.
??? ?????? (?????) Recumbent Fold: ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????.
??? ?????? Overturned Fold: ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? 90?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????.
??? Dome: ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????.

* ????? Basin: ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ?? N.K.Af ??????

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? (?????? ??????? ?????? ???????).
????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????.
?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? .
??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? .

??????? [ ??? ]

^ "??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? id.ndl.go.jp" . id.ndl.go.jp. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-28.
^ "??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? britannica.com" . britannica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-31.
^ "??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? universalis.fr" . universalis.fr. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-08-11.

Norman H. Foster and Edward A. Beaumont - Structural traps
[1]

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???

[1] "??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? id.ndl.go.jp" . id.ndl.go.jp. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-28.

[2] "??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? britannica.com" . britannica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-31.

[3] "??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? universalis.fr" . universalis.fr. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-08-11.

[1]

[2]

[3]

? ? ? ??? ????? ????? ???????
??????? ????????	?????? ????? ??? ??????? ^[??????????] ????? ??? ?????? ^[??????????] ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ^[??????????] ?? ??? ???? ^[??????????] ???? ???? ^[??????????] ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ^[??????????] ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ^[??????????] ????? ??? ????? ?????? ^[??????????] ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ^[??????????]
???????? ??????	?? ??????? Rake ??????? Brunton compass ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????
????????? ????? ??????	????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ^[??????????] ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ^[??????????] ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ^[??????????] ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ^[??????????] ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ^[??????????] ???? ?????? ???? ???? ^[??????????] ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ^[??????????] ??? ????? ??? ??? ^[??????????] ??????? ????? ^[??????????] ??? ????? ??? ^[??????????] ??? ????? ????? Thick-skinned deformation Thin-skinned deformation Thrust tectonics ????? ?????
Fracturing	?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????
????	????? ^[??????????] ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ^[??????????] Fault mechanics ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? Transfer zone ???? ??????
?????? ?Lineation	Rock microstructure Crenulation Cleavage Slickenside Pressure solution Stylolite ?????? Fissility Oblique foliation Tectonic phase Tectonite
????	Vergence ????? ??????? ????? ????? Dome Monocline Chevron Homocline Detachment fold
Boudinage	Competence
??????? ?????? ^[??????????]	???? ????? ????? ??????? ^[??????????] ??????? ?????? ^[??????????] ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ^[??????????]
???? ????	?? ???? ????? ???????
???????? {{ ???????? }} {{ ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? }} ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????