??? ????

????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ( ??????????? : Water hammer )??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? (????????). ^[1]^[2]^[3]

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? 1000 ???/? ??? ?????? ????????? 300 ???/?. ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????????.

???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.

??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ????? ( ??????????? : wave velocity )?
??? ???????? ??? ??????
???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????

??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ??????
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??? ???????(??????)
???? ?????? ?? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????
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??? ???? ?????? RPM

??? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? Paramkian curves ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????.

?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????

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???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ? Air chamber ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????
?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????

????? [ ??? ]

^ Young? Thomas (1808). "Hydraulic investigations, subservient to an intended Croonian lecture on the motion of the blood" . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London . ?. 98: 164?186. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-10.
^ pp. 245-246. ???? ?????? 2012-07-11 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . Vitruvius states that when a water pipe crosses a wide valley, it must sometimes be constructed as an inverted siphon. He states that cavities ("venters") must be constructed periodically along the pipe "and in the venter, water cushions must be constructed to relieve the pressure of the air." "But if there is no such venter made in the valleys, nor any substructure built on a level, but merely an elbow, the water will break out, and burst the joints of the pipes." Swiss engineer Martin Schwarz ? Martin Schwarz, "Neue Forschungsergebnisse zu Vitruvs colliviaria " [New research results on Vitruvius' colliviaria ], pp. 353-357, in: Christoph Ohlig, ed., Cura Aquarum in Jordanien (Siegburg, Germany: Deutschen Wasserhistorischen Gesellschaft, 2008) ? argues that Vitruvius' phrase vis spiritus referred not to air pressure, but to pressure transients (water hammer) in the water pipes. He found stone plugs ( colliviaria ) in Roman water pipes, which could be expelled by water hammer, allowing water in the pipe to flood the air chamber above the pipe, instead of rupturing the pipe.
^ "How To Prevent Water Hammer | DFT Valves" . DFT Valves (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2017-08-16 . Retrieved 2017-08-16 .

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????

[1] Young? Thomas (1808). "Hydraulic investigations, subservient to an intended Croonian lecture on the motion of the blood" . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London . ?. 98: 164?186. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-10.

[2] . 245-246. ???? ?????? 2012-07-11 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . Vitruvius states that when a water pipe crosses a wide valley, it must sometimes be constructed as an inverted siphon. He states that cavities ("venters") must be constructed periodically along the pipe "and in the venter, water cushions must be constructed to relieve the pressure of the air." "But if there is no such venter made in the valleys, nor any substructure built on a level, but merely an elbow, the water will break out, and burst the joints of the pipes." Swiss engineer Martin Schwarz ? Martin Schwarz, "Neue Forschungsergebnisse zu Vitruvs colliviaria " [New research results on Vitruvius' colliviaria ], pp. 353-357, in: Christoph Ohlig, ed., Cura Aquarum in Jordanien (Siegburg, Germany: Deutschen Wasserhistorischen Gesellschaft, 2008) ? argues that Vitruvius' phrase vis spiritus referred not to air pressure, but to pressure transients (water hammer) in the water pipes. He found stone plugs ( colliviaria ) in Roman water pipes, which could be expelled by water hammer, allowing water in the pipe to flood the air chamber above the pipe, instead of rupturing the pipe.

[3] "How To Prevent Water Hammer | DFT Valves" . DFT Valves (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2017-08-16 . Retrieved 2017-08-16 .

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