???? ????

???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????
	??? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????: ?????? ????????? ? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ???
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?????
	?????? ; ??????? ; ?????? ????? ; ?????? ????? ; ????????
	????? ????? - ?????

?????? ??????? ^[1] ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ^[2]^[3]^[4] ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????. ^[5] ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? . ^[6]

?? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? : ??????? ?? ?????

?? ????? ??????? ???????: ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
???????? ????????: ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????. ^[7]

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? (Accipitriformes) ??????? ????? (Falconiformes) ????????? (Strigiformes) ? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? (Cathartiformes) ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???:

???? ?????? ????? :
- ??????? ??????? (Accipitridae) : ??????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? .
- ????? ??????? ???????? (Pandionidae) : ???? ?????? .
- ????? ???? ?????? (Sagittariidae) : ???? ?????? .
???? ?????? ????? :
- ????? ???????? (Falconidae) : ?????? ? ??????? .
???? ???? ?????? ?????? :
- ????? ???? ?????? ?????? (Cathartidae) .

???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? (Falconiformes) ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????.

??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???:

???? ???????? (Strigiformes) :
- ????? ????? ??????? (Strigidae) .
- ????? ?????????? (Tytonidae) .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ????

???? ????? [ ??? ]

?????????

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ????? ??????? (2003). ???? ???? ?????? (??????). ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? (???????? ??????????? ??????????) (?. 5). ?????: ????? ????? ?????? . ?. 836. ISBN : 978-9953-10-550-5 . OCLC : 1158683669 . QID : Q115858366 .
^ BOLNICK? David? DOEBEL? Michael (?????? 2003). "SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND ADAPTIVE SPECIATION: TWO SIDES OF THE SAME ECOLOGICAL COIN". The society of evolution . ?. 57 ?. 11.
^ Nagy? J.? Tokolyi? J. (2014). "Phylogeny, historical biogeography and the evolution of migration in accipitrid birds of prey (Aves: Accipitriformes)" (PDF) . Ornis Hungarica . ?. 22 ?. 1: 15?35. DOI : 10.2478/orhu-2014-0008 . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2018-09-22.
^ Jarvis? E. D. ? Mirarab? S.? Aberer? A. J.? Li? B.? Houde? P.? Li? C.? Ho? S. Y. W.? Faircloth? B. C.? Nabholz? B.? Howard? J. T.? Suh? A.? Weber? C. C.? Da Fonseca? R. R.? Li? J.? Zhang? F.? Li? H.? Zhou? L.? Narula? N.? Liu? L.? Ganapathy? G.? Boussau? B.? Bayzid? M. S.? Zavidovych? V.? Subramanian? S.? Gabaldon? T.? Capella-Gutierrez? S.? Huerta-Cepas? J.? Rekepalli? B.? Munch? K.? ?????? (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds" (PDF) . Science . ?. 346 ?. 6215: 1320?1331. DOI : 10.1126/science.1253451 . PMC : 4405904 . PMID : 25504713 . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2019-12-06.
^ ????: Exploring Life Science: Bats - cave life ????:116-117 https://books.google.com.sa/books?id=gqcX6n4rW0EC&printsec ???? ?????? 2020-08-14 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Perrins? Christopher, M? Middleton? Alex, L. A.? ???????? (1984). The Encyclopaedia of Birds . Guild Publishing. ?. 102. {{ ??????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )
^ ??? ????? - ???? ?????

??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] ????? ??????? (2003). ???? ???? ?????? (??????). ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? (???????? ??????????? ??????????) (?. 5). ?????: ????? ????? ?????? . ?. 836. ISBN : 978-9953-10-550-5 . OCLC : 1158683669 . QID : Q115858366 .

[2] BOLNICK? David? DOEBEL? Michael (?????? 2003). "SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND ADAPTIVE SPECIATION: TWO SIDES OF THE SAME ECOLOGICAL COIN". The society of evolution . ?. 57 ?. 11.

[3] Nagy? J.? Tokolyi? J. (2014). "Phylogeny, historical biogeography and the evolution of migration in accipitrid birds of prey (Aves: Accipitriformes)" (PDF) . Ornis Hungarica . ?. 22 ?. 1: 15?35. DOI : 10.2478/orhu-2014-0008 . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2018-09-22.

[4] Jarvis? E. D. ? Mirarab? S.? Aberer? A. J.? Li? B.? Houde? P.? Li? C.? Ho? S. Y. W.? Faircloth? B. C.? Nabholz? B.? Howard? J. T.? Suh? A.? Weber? C. C.? Da Fonseca? R. R.? Li? J.? Zhang? F.? Li? H.? Zhou? L.? Narula? N.? Liu? L.? Ganapathy? G.? Boussau? B.? Bayzid? M. S.? Zavidovych? V.? Subramanian? S.? Gabaldon? T.? Capella-Gutierrez? S.? Huerta-Cepas? J.? Rekepalli? B.? Munch? K.? ?????? (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds" (PDF) . Science . ?. 346 ?. 6215: 1320?1331. DOI : 10.1126/science.1253451 . PMC : 4405904 . PMID : 25504713 . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2019-12-06.

[5] ????: Exploring Life Science: Bats - cave life ????:116-117 https://books.google.com.sa/books?id=gqcX6n4rW0EC&printsec ???? ?????? 2020-08-14 ?? Wayback Machine

[Perrins-6] Perrins? Christopher, M? Middleton? Alex, L. A.? ???????? (1984). The Encyclopaedia of Birds . Guild Publishing. ?. 102. {{ ??????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )

[7] ??? ????? - ???? ?????

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[2]

[3]

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[5]

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