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??????? ??? ??????? (????? ??? ????????? NPJ? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ) [1] [2] [3] ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? (NPJ) ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????. ????? ??????? NPJ ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???????.

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?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? [4] [5] ?? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ??? 1846? [6] ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? [7] ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????? . ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????. [8]

???? ???? ??? ?????????????? ? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? 1973 ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? 1979 ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????. [9] ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? [10] ???? ????? ??? 1974? ????? ???? ?????? [11] ???? ????? ??? 1976? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????. ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????????? [12] (???? ?? ?????? ??? 1977) ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? 1970 ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? 1967. [13] ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ProPublica ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? Texas Watchdog ????? Stateline.org ????? Watchdog.org ?????? ???? Huffington Post ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????????. ??? ????? 2009? ?????? 20 ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????????. ??? ????? 2010? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????.

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  1. ^ The Nonprofit Road ???? ?????? 2017-01-02 ?? Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Nonprofit News ???? ?????? 2013-10-16 ?? Wayback Machine [ ???? ?????? ]
  3. ^ Think Tank Journalism: The Future of Investigative Reporting [ ???? ?????? ] ???? ?????? 2017-01-30 ?? Wayback Machine
  4. ^ New Nonprofit Looks to Increase Area Journalism ???? ?????? 2012-02-24 ?? Wayback Machine [ ???? ?????? ]
  5. ^ Nonprofit journalism on the rise ???? ?????? 2018-02-07 ?? Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Associated Press History ???? ?????? 2012-03-03 ?? Wayback Machine [ ???? ?????? ]
  7. ^ Associated Press Archives [ ???? ?????? ] ???? ?????? 2012-02-29 ?? Wayback Machine
  8. ^ The News Cooperative Takes Shape ???? ?????? 2011-07-29 ?? Wayback Machine "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-02-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-08-19 .
  9. ^ Our History - New Internationalist [ ???? ?????? ] ???? ?????? 2017-03-19 ?? Wayback Machine
  10. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=qbIDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA33&dq= "+the+chicago+reporter"&ei=lvVxS9noHIfIywSA2cGkDg&client=firefox-a&cd=8#v=onepage&q="%20the%20chicago%20reporter"&f=false ???? ?????? 2023-02-20 ?? Wayback Machine
  11. ^ City Limits Magazines’ Archive Now All Digital, Accessible | City Limits ???? ?????? 2013-10-19 ?? Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Center for Investigative Reporting ???? ?????? 2018-06-20 ?? Wayback Machine
  13. ^ National Public Radio ???? ?????? 2019-12-15 ?? Wayback Machine

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